Bio SOL Review 3: Macromolecules

This graph shows that

• pH affects the activity rate of enzymes

• pepsin is less effective at low pH than trypsin

• more enzymes are present at a higher pH

• pepsin is less sensitive to pH than trypsin

Which of the following macromolecules are a prominent part of animal tissues that function in insulation, helping animals conserve heat?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

What is the function of enzymes in biological systems?

• Enzymes act as products to create new chemical reactions.

• Enzymes act as substrates when the necessary proteins are unavailable.

• Enzymes bond with substrates to create the new reaction products.

• Enzymes act as catalysts to drive chemical reactions forward.

According to the graph, addition of the enzyme amylase causes the reaction to

• speed up

• give off heat

• slow down

• take in heat

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Peroxidase is an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in cells. It accomplishes this because of its structure. What part of the enzyme is involved in catalytic activity?

• pleated sheet

• active site

• binding pocket

• quaternary structure

Proteins are formed from monomers (subunits) called —

• nucleotides

• fatty acids

• amino acids

• nucleic acids

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Enzymes only work with specific substrates because each substrate —

• can only use a specific ionic bond with the enzyme

• has a specific activation site for enzyme attachment

• destroys its specific enzyme

• actively interferes with other substrates around it

Most cellular activities are processes regulated by the action of —

• lipids

• carbohydrates

• enzymes

• polysaccharides

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Amino acids link together by peptide bonds to form proteins. In which cellular organelle would this process occur?

• mitochondrion

• ribosome

• lysosome

• golgi body

Both lipids and carbohydrates are important in animal cells because both —

• contain nitrogen

• store energy

• form cell walls

• provide insulation

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