Leadership is best defined as ________.

• project one's abilities in the lack of actual accomplishments

• reduce the dependence of team members on each other

• induce the team members to focus on individual goals rather than collective goals

• process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others, towards the achievement of a goal.

The focus of Trait Theory is ________.

• the special relationship that leaders establish with a small group of their followers

• the personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from non-leaders

• the way the leader makes decisions

• the extent to which followers are willing and able to accomplish a specific task

Trait theories mostly predict the ________.

• the emergence of a leader

• differences between an effective and an ineffective leader

• the success of a leader

• roles to be played by the leader

Marco Marinay was leading the client services division of AmWeb for seven years when he was asked to move to another region where the company was setting up its office. Before moving, Marco was asked to help in finding a successor for him from his team. Marco’s most obvious choice was Justin Magharing and the management accepted his choice as Justin was a popular person across the company. Justin was known for his vivacious nature, he was often seen speaking to employees from various divisions, and was always excited to take up a new opportunity. Once he became a leader, he continued to give employees freedom and flexibility even if it resulted in deficiencies on the work front like missed deadlines or low quality. Justin’s initial weeks as a leader were full of confusion among his team members, but many felt that the situation would come under control. When things did not improve in the next two months and many complaints poured in from clients, the management realized that Justin was not the best candidate to lead the team. Which of the following, if true, would best explain this outcome?

• Justin was a high-performing employee and enjoyed good relationships with everyone on the team.

• Everyone felt Justin was given insufficient time to prove his worth as a leader.

• The study has shown that traits can predict the emergence of a leader, but not his/her efficiency as a leader.

• The client complaints were a common thing encountered by the company.

Contingency theories focus on the ________ that impact leadership success.

• personality variables

• leader's abilities to inspire and transform followers

• situational variables

• values and ethics

Which of the following theories of leadership is based on situational variables?

• attribution theory

• trait theories

• charismatic leadership theory

• path-goal theory

Which of the following theoretical approaches in the study of leadership focuses on followers' readiness as a determinant of effective leadership?

• situational leadership theory

• behavioral theories

• Fiedler contingency model

• laissez-faire leadership

Leaders who function primarily by clarifying role and task requirements to accomplish established goals exhibit a(n) ________ style of leadership.

• transformational

• charismatic

• transactional

• employee-oriented

________ leaders inspire followers to transcend their self-interests for the good of the organization and can have an extraordinary effect on their followers.

• Transformational

• Transactional

• Task-oriented

• Production-oriented

A transactional leader is likely to ________.

• reward employees for the work that they have done, thus recognizing accomplishments

• help followers trust the leader and develop a loyalty toward the common vision

• stimulate others in the organization to become thinkers of what the organization is all about

• pay attention to the emotional needs of others and consider individual differences