AP Psychology Review

A student who obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is best characterized as having

• ranked 75th from the top in a group of 100 test takers

• answered 75% of the test questions correctly

• scored higher than 75% of the test takers

• scored 75% higher than the average test taker

• scored 75% of the highest score

Initially, intelligence quotients were calculated on the basis of a person’s mental and chronological ages. Using that approach, a person with a mental age of 12 and an intelligence score of 120 would have a chronological age of

• 10

• 12

• 14

• 16

• 18

Anthony thinks he will fail his math test because he believes he is terrible at math, even though he has passed his previous math tests. Which of the following explanations would the cognitive approach use to explain Anthony’s behavior?

• His irrational thoughts are causing him to doubt his abilities, even though he has evidence to show otherwise.

• He has not fully achieved self-actualization, even though he has evidence to show otherwise.

• He has a conflict between his id and his superego, so it keeps him from studying appropriately.

• He has been raised in a culture that promotes self-deprivation, so it keeps him from studying appropriately.

• He is using a defense mechanism, so it keeps him from studying appropriately.

Colleen likes to have others do things for her and is quick to criticize other people for being dependent and lazy. This demonstrates which defense mechanism?

• Displacement

• Regression

• Projection

• Rationalization

• Sublimation

A test author most interested in ensuring that individuals receive similar scores on a personality test every time they take it is attempting to increase which of the following?

• Validity

• Reliability

• Experimenter-expectancy effects

• Standardization

• Statistical significance