European Exploration

Which statement best describes a result of the encounter between Europeans and native populations of Latin America?

• Native societies experienced rapid population growth.

• European nations lost power and prestige in the New World.

• Large numbers of natives migrated to Europe for a better life.

• Plantations in the New World used enslaved Africans to replace native populations.

The expeditions of Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro resulted in the

• destruction of the Aztec and Inca empires

• capture of Brazil by Portugal

• colonization of North America by Portugal

• exploration of the Philippines and East Indies

•Smallpox outbreak spreads throughout Mexico.

•Many Incas convert to Christianity in ceremonies in Lima, Peru.

•Spanish and Portuguese are introduced to chocolate, peanuts, tomatoes, and corn.

•Cortés brings Aztec gold and silver treasures to Spain

Which situation is illustrated in these statements?

• empathy of Europeans for Native American Indian civilizations

• triangular trade and its effects on agrarian economies

• the relatively high costs of colonialism

• the impact of contact between different peoples

The major reason that Portugal and Spain established water routes to Asia’s spice markets was to

• experiment with new technology such as the astrolabe and sextant

• provide jobs for navigators, cartographers, and shipbuilders

• avoid the overland routes that were controlled by Muslim traders

• discover new continents, plants, and animals

The astrolabe and improvements in cartography helped Europeans to

• launch the Crusades

• defeat the Mongols

• expel the Moors

• explore the Western Hemisphere

• Invention of the compass and astrolabe

• European dependence on spices from Asia

• Rise of nation-states in Europe

These developments influenced the start of the

• Crusades

• Renaissance

• Reformation

• Age of Exploration

The fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottoman Turks (1453) prompted Spain and Portugal to

• seek new trade routes to East Asia

• extend religious tolerance to Muslim peoples

• reform their political systems

• expand the Catholic Inquisition into the Middle East

Base your answer to the following question on the speakers' statements below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Speaker A: My king has brought together the best mapmakers and scientists to study navigation. The expeditions he has sponsored will increase Portugal's trade with the East and make us wealthy.

Speaker B: My people lost their land and were forced to work in the mines and fields. They received little economic benefit.

Speaker C: My queen has chartered joint-stock companies to control trade with our colonies.

Speaker D: My people were enslaved and have endured unspeakable hardships. Many died during the Middle Passage.

Which two speakers would most likely support mercantilism?

• A and B

• A and C

• B and D

• C and D

Which statement best describes the concept of mercantilism?

• Universal suffrage leads to educated citizens

• Controlling trade is a key to increasing power

• Only the fittest deserve to survive.

• Strict social control prevents revolutions.

Which statement best illustrates the concept of European mercantilism during the Age of Exploration?

• England encouraged free trade among its colonies

• Spain reduced exports to its South American colonies

• Portugal sought trade benefits from its colonial possessions.

• France refused to give financial support to weak national industries.