Biology I-2 Final Exam Part 2

Molecular evidence in support of natural selection includes

• the nearly universal genetic code.

• the presence of vestigial structures.

• a tendency toward perfect, unchanging DNA in various species.

• the transmission of acquired characteristics by DNA.

Similar patterns of embryological development in different but related organisms are responsible for the formation of

• homologous structures.

• analogous structures.

• Hox genes.

• intermediate fossil forms.

Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to

• surviving in the environments in which they lived.

• being preserved as fossils.

• providing humans with food.

• swimming from South America to the Galapagos Islands.

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the

• possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.

• possession of adaptations developed through use.

• lack of competition within the species.

• choices made by plant and animal breeders.

Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT

• population size is very large.

• more offspring are born than can survive.

• fitness varies among individuals.

• there is heritable variation among members of the population.

The situation in which allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population remain constant is called

• genetic equilibrium.

• natural selection.

• evolution.

• genetic drift.

Sexual reproduction among members of a population results in

• no changes in the allele frequencies in the gene pool.

• an absence of genetic variation in the population.

• changes in the allele frequencies in the gene pool.

• different types of alleles in the gene pool.

Natural selection acts directly on

• phenotypes.

• mutations.

• alleles.

• genes.

The number of phenotypes produced for a given trait depends upon

• the number of genes that control the trait.

• which form of the trait is dominant.

• the allele frequencies of the various alleles.

• the relationship of allele frequencies to Mendelian ratios.

A change in the genetic material of a cell is called a

• mutation.

• single-gene trait.

• recombination.

• polygenic trait.