Algae vs. Bacteria - Read and Check

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"Algae" is a flexible term that typically refers to plant-like protists. "Plant-like" means they are autotrophs that do photosynthesis using pigments in chloroplasts. They perform photosynthesis to produce sugar by using carbon dioxide and water, and the energy from sunlight, just like plants. Unlike plants, however, plant-like protists do not have true stems, roots, or leaves. Since they can't really be called plants, they are called protists. A protist is any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. Eukaryotic simply means that the cells of the organism contain their DNA in a nucleus.

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Which are true of algae? Select all that apply.

• they are autotrophs

• they are producers

• they are prokaryotes

• they are eukaryotes

• they are photosynthetic

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What is true of all plant-like protists?

• they have leaves and a cell nucleus

• they have chloroplasts and no cell nucleus

• they do photosynthesis and have a cell nucleus

• they do fermentation and have no cell nucleus

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Most plant-like protists live in oceans, ponds, or lakes. Protists can be unicellular (single-celled) or multicellular (many-celled). Seaweed and kelp are examples of multicellular algae. Kelp can be as large as trees and form a "forest" in the ocean. Many other types of algae are unicellular and float in the water. To do photosynthesis, algae need water, carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight. Algae store photosynthesis pigments inside cases called chloroplasts. Not all of algae’s chloroplasts have chlorophyll, the green pigment associated with photosynthesis. There are many different chemicals used for photosynthesis, which is why algae comes in so many colors.

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Algae do photosynthesis. Which formula is correct for the process of photosynthesis?

• Water + Oxygen + Sunlight = Carbohydrates + Carbon Dioxide

• Water + Carbon Dioxide + Sunlight = Carbohydrates + Oxygen

• Oxygen + Carbon Dioxide + Sunlight = Carbohydrates + Water

• Water + Sunlight = Glucose

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What part of the cell do algae use for photosynthesis?

• nucleus

• cell membrane

• chloroplasts

• mitochondria

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Algae can be multicellular or unicellular.

• true

• false

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Beyond needing water and CO2 for photosynthesis, algae also need nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus to grow. These nutrients are usually very rare in aquatic ecosystems, and this keeps algal growth controlled. However, if humans apply too much fertilizer around bodies of water or dump organic waste (typically sewage) into water, that can dramatically increase the levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. When these nutrients are abundant, algae can reproduce rapidly (unicellular algae usually reproduces asexually). This population explosion is called an algal bloom. Algal blooms can make the water murky and keep sunlight and oxygen from reaching the organisms below.

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What limits algal population growth?

• natural nutrient availability

• sewage dumping

• fertilizer runoff

• asexual reproduction

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Sudden algae population growth is called an _____ _____.

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