Enlightenment Ideas

What is State of Nature?

• State of living before humanity had governments (anarchy)

• The state of living in nature without the use of electricity

• The state of being in war with another country

• The state of being alone

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DOK 1

State of Nature

Vocabulary

What is the Enlightenment?

• An intellectual movement emphasizing reason and logic over tradition and religion.

• A military movement where the strong overtook the weaker countries

• A radical shift away from using science and logic towards tradition and religion

• A movement showing strong support of the traditional monarchy style of government

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DOK 1

Vocabulary

What are Natural Rights?

• basic rights people are born with, like life, liberty, and property

• rights people must earn, like winning an election or getting a promotion at work

• rights that you must buy, like owning a home or a car

• There are no such things as natural rights

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DOK 1

Vocabulary

What is John Locke's Enlightenment idea we learned about?

• Man's State of Nature is war

• People have Natural Rights and the government's job is to protect those rights

• Separation of Powers / Checks & Balances

• Government is an agreement between the people and those in power

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DOK 1

Enlightenment Ideas

What is Montesquieu's Enlightenment idea we learned about?

• Man's State of Nature is war

• People have Natural Rights and the government's job is to protect those rights

• Separation of Powers / Checks & Balances

• Government is an agreement between the people and those in power

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DOK 1

Enlightenment Ideas

What is Rousseau's Enlightenment idea we learned about?

• Man's State of Nature is war

• People have Natural Rights and the government's job is to deny those rights

• Separation of Powers / Checks & Balances

• Government is contract between the people and those in power

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DOK 1

Enlightenment Ideas

"According to Thomas Hobbes' theory of the state of nature, all individuals are in a constant state of conflict with one another due to their desire for power and self-preservation. In this state, there is no government to provide security or protection, and individuals must rely on their own strength and wit to survive. This leads to a "war of all against all," in which life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." In order to escape this state of chaos, individuals agree to give up some of their rights and form a social contract with one another, establishing a government to enforce the contract and provide security. This government, in turn, has the authority to make and enforce laws, and the obligation to act in the best interests of the people. Hobbes' theory of the state of nature has had a significant influence on modern political thought and the development of democratic governments."

According to Thomas Hobbes, what motivates individuals in the state of nature?

• The desire for security and protection

• The desire for power and self-preservation

• The desire to form a social contract

• The desire to follow laws and rules

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State of Nature

DOK 2

"According to Thomas Hobbes' theory of the state of nature, all individuals are in a constant state of conflict with one another due to their desire for power and self-preservation. In this state, there is no government to provide security or protection, and individuals must rely on their own strength and wit to survive. This leads to a "war of all against all," in which life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." In order to escape this state of chaos, individuals agree to give up some of their rights and form a social contract with one another, establishing a government to enforce the contract and provide security. This government, in turn, has the authority to make and enforce laws, and the obligation to act in the best interests of the people. Hobbes' theory of the state of nature has had a significant influence on modern political thought and the development of democratic governments."

What is the result of the state of nature according to Hobbes?

• A state of chaos and conflict, in which life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short"

• A state of harmony and cooperation, in which individuals work together for the common good

• A state in which individuals are ruled by a powerful government

• A state in which individuals have unlimited freedom and autonomy

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State of Nature

DOK 2

"According to Thomas Hobbes' theory of the state of nature, all individuals are in a constant state of conflict with one another due to their desire for power and self-preservation. In this state, there is no government to provide security or protection, and individuals must rely on their own strength and wit to survive. This leads to a "war of all against all," in which life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." In order to escape this state of chaos, individuals agree to give up some of their rights and form a social contract with one another, establishing a government to enforce the contract and provide security. This government, in turn, has the authority to make and enforce laws, and the obligation to act in the best interests of the people. Hobbes' theory of the state of nature has had a significant influence on modern political thought and the development of democratic governments."

What is the role of government in Hobbes' theory?

• To provide security and protection for the people

• To enforce laws and rules set by the people

• To act in the best interests of the people

• All answers are correct

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State of Nature

DOK 2

"Thomas Hobbes believed that the natural state of humanity was one of chaos and anarchy, and that the only way to escape this state and achieve some form of order was through the creation of a strong, centralized government. Hobbes argued that people were naturally selfish and self-interested, and that without the restraint of a government, they would engage in constant conflict and strife. In order to prevent this, Hobbes proposed the creation of an absolute monarchy, in which the sovereign had complete control over the lives and actions of his subjects. Hobbes argued that this would be the most effective way to ensure the security and protection of the people, and to create a stable and peaceful society."

According to Hobbes, what was the natural state of humanity?

• Peace and order

• Security and protection

• Chaos and anarchy

• Constant conflict and strife

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DOK 1

Thomas Hobbes