AG&C REVIEW: Unit 1 - Foundations

France, the United Kingdom, and Spain are three examples of unitary states. What does this mean?

• The country is governed by a small committee of elite planners.
• The country is governed by a President and a Legislative Branch.
• The country is governed as an autocracy, with a single leader creating all of the laws of the country.
• The country is governed constitutionally as one single entity, with one constitutionally created legislature.

Which European philosopher proposed that dividing the government into three branches would prevent any one person or group from gaining total control?

• Hobbes
• Voltaire
• Rousseau
• Montesquieu

Magna Carta-Petition of Rights-English Bill of Rights -- These documents have had a lasting impact on American democracy by providing a foundation for which of the following?

• The Federalists Papers
• The United States Constitution
• The Virginia Declaration of Rights
• The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

The ancient Greek city-state of Sparta was run as an oligarchy. Which of the following BEST describes an oligarchy?

• Small group of citizens controlling things.
• Economy was controlled by the masses.
• Adult males enjoyed equal political rights.
• Foreigners were not allowed to participate in trade.

Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are best known for what?

• French Enlightenment philosophers
• Advocates of American Independence
• Proponents of a constitutional monarchy in France
• Influences on the ideals that shaped American government

The United States government is a republic or can be called a representative democracy. Why?

• All citizens debate issued and vote on the laws.
• People elect members of Congress to make laws.
• Division of power exists among the three branches.
• Power is shared between the nations and the states.

Which European philosopher believed that the purpose of government is to protect natural rights?

• John Locke
• Thomas Hobbes
• Baron de Montesquieu
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

What is the difference between a parliamentary democracy and a presidential democracy?

• Parliamentary democracy does not have a judicial branch.
• Parliamentary democracy does not have an individual executive, but a presidential democracy does.
• Presidential democracy does not have an equivalent to Parliament, the parliamentary democracy's legislative branch.
• Presidential democracy allows the legislature to choose the executive.

Thomas Jefferson is often praised by historians for incorporating the Enlightenment into the Declaration of Independence. Which statement best explains why this can be said?

• The philosophies of John Locke and Montesquieu are used.
• It was written in the middle of the 18th century.
• It contains many references to "nature's God" and religion.
• There is evidence that it was written in France.

New England's town meetings and other colonial self-governments were good examples of what type of government?

• Oligarchy
• Federalism
• Direct Democracy
• Confederation