3.1: The Spread of English Language: First & Second Diaspora

The English language has spread worldwide mostly due to everything below EXCEPT

• education

• colonisation

• trading purposes

• knowledge expansion

The English language began its geographical and demographical expansion in the late 1600s and its progress can be seen in different diasporas.

• True

• False

The term Englishes was created to differentiate the varieties of English used by the other speakers.

• True

• False

These are the three distinct groups of English users except __

• English as native language

• English as second language

• English as third language

• English as foreign language

Kachru explained that there are three concentric circles of World English, which are the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle and the Expanding Circle.

• True

• False

The Outer Circle refers to

• English as Native Language (ENL) countries such as the USA, the UK, Canada and others.

• English as Second Language (ESL) countries such as Malaysia, Philippines, Pakistan, Singapore and others.

• English as Foreign Language (EFL) countries such as Japan, South Korea, Saudi Arabia and others.

These are all true about the first diaspora, EXCEPT __

• English speakers from England, Scotland and Ireland migrated to North America, Australia and New Zealand.

• started with colonisation and large scale migrations of mother tongue English speakers.

• started in the early 15th century due to slavery and colonisation.

These are all true about the varieties of English spoken in modern North America and Australasia, EXCEPT __

• They are not identical with the English of their early colonisers

• The English dialects developed into the American and Antipodean Englishes.

• The varieties of Englishes have altered due to the changed and changing sociolinguistics contexts.

• Their vocabulary did not expand due to contact with the indigenous Indian, Aboriginal or Maori populations in the lands which they colonised.

English has spread to southern parts of America and the Caribbean because of slave trade.

• True

• False

English in Australia spread due all of these during the first diaspora, EXCEPT __

• Australian immigrants were not prisoners who were asked to move there.

• British jails were overcrowded.

• The convicts were from Britain and Ireland.

• The settlers came from London, Lancashire, Scotland and Ireland.