Y12 AS History - German unification up to the 1830s

How did nationalism in the 1830s lead to political changes in Europe?

• The desire for self-rule led to revolutions.

• It spurred investment in factories.

• It led to Communist revolutions.

• It returned royal families to power.

The strongest of the German states was

• Alsace-Lorraine

• Bavaria

• Hanover

• Prussia

What is nationalism?

• A force that causes countries to separate

• The desire to unite a group with a common bond e.g. language under their own rule, not the rule of another country.

• A right to create a new nation

• Favouring individual freedoms, usually open minded and tolerant.

What was the Holy Roman Empire?

• A group of territories in Western and Central Europe, began in roughly 800 and ended in 1806

• The action of bringing together the German states into one nation in 1871.

• A group of 3 monarchs who spoke out against revolutions.

• The name given to the German Emperor/ King (based on the title Caesar)

What is meant by tariffs?

• The name given to a ‘young Lord’ in Prussia

• A powerful northern German State who led the process of Unification.

• Taxes on goods coming into the country.

• The state of the finances, money, industry and jobs in a country

What did many liberals want in the 1800s?

• A constitutional monarch, freedom of the army and votes for all.

• Conservative regime and absolute monarchy.

• Individual freedoms e.g. freedom of speech and freedom of worship.

• A King, ministers, serfdom and bonded labour.

Problem for German nationalists: Northern Princes not (a)   , greater freedoms in South + most German states had constitution.

Problem for German nationalists: Diverse people, regional loyalty, lack of national (a)   , different traditions and customs.

Problem for German Nationalists: Austria, Metternich and the German Confederation (AKA (a)   ).

The Carlsbad Decrees:

• Banned nationalist fraternities, removed some liberal professors and further censored the press.

• Limited the rights of the Diets in constitutional states, federal law superseded individual state law.

• Forbade political organisations, meetings, appeals, and festivals.