Chapter 5 ENSC 101

What is ecological succession?

• a slow change in an environment

• a change that takes days in an environment

• no change

• abiotic change

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What are examples of pioneer species in a primary succession?

• bushes and shrubs

• mosses and lichens

• oak trees

• a rose bush

A pioneer species is

• a large organism

• the first organisms to adapt to a new environment

• the best organism

• abiotic organisms

What is the most important function of pioneer species?

• to create rocks

• to look nice

• to create soil and add nutrients to the environment

• food for animals

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A climax community

• is the beginning of a new ecological succession

• the fire that will cause succession

• is unchanging

• an area that reaches its greatest growing potential

What is a large difference between primary and secondary succession?

• primary succession already has soil

• soil is present in both

• primary has soil and secondary does not

• primary has no soil and secondary has soil

Climax communities are always large forests.

• True

• False

An area that begins with bare rock and takes longer to become a forest is

• primary succession

• secondary succession

During a forest fire most vegetation burns. Which ecological succession will take place after a forest fire?

• primary succession

• secondary succession

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In the mid 1900's, the wolves of Yellowstone were deeply affected by humans and their population significantly decreased-- making them endangered, and eventually removing them completely from the Yellowstone ecosystem. The removal of wolves, the apex predator, caused what to happen to the biodiversity within Yellowstone?

• A trophic cascade affected the entire food web in Yellowstone, causing some trophic levels to experience decreases, and others to grow rapidly.

• Biodiversity increased when the wolves disappeared and more species were able to flourish without the wolves.

• A trophic cascade irreversibly ruined the ecosystem in Yellowstone--destroying biodiversity forever.

• The biodiversity of the park was not affected when the wolves were removed.

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