2.1 Spanish Conquistadors & New Spain

These groups who moved into the Americas in the 1500s had been given permission by Spanish rulers to establish settlements.

• presidios

• peninsulares

• encomiendas

• conquistadors

These Spanish forts had high, thick walls and contained shops, stables, and storehouses for food.

• presidios

• plantations

• pueblos

• plazas

This Aztec emperor made the mistake of welcoming Spaniards into his kingdom.

• Tenochtitlan

• Moctezuma

• Atahualpa

• Pizarro

These Spanish towns in the Americas were centers of farming and trade. The Spanish both took control of Indian towns and built new towns.

• plaza

• pueblos

• encomiendas

• missions

This conquistador sailed down the Pacific coast of South America with less than 200 soldiers. In 1532, they found and conquered the Incan empire.

• Hernando Cortes

• Bartolome de Las Casas

• Juan St. Augustine

• Francisco Pizarro

This first presidio was built in 1565. It was the first permanent European settlement in what would later become the United States.

• Tenonchtitlan

• Florida

• St. Augustine

• Santa Fe

This conquistador and his army was responsible for entering - eventually conquering - the capital of the Aztecs.

• Hernando Cortes

• Bartolome de Las Casas

• Francisco Pizarro

• Hernando De Soto

This public square was where townspeople and farmers went to do business and to worship at church. It was lined with shops and homes.

• mission

• plantation

• encomienda

• plaza

In this social class, the people were of mixed Spanish and Indian background. They worked on farms and ranches. In cities, they worked as carpenters, shoemakers, tailors, and bakers, and eventually became the largest class of people.

• mestizos

• creoles

• peninsulares

• slaves

This Spanish priest sought reform for the harsh treatment of Indian slave workers. He was able to convince the Spanish royal government to pass laws outlawing the enslavement of Native Americans, although they were rarely enforced.

• Francisco Pizarro

• Bartolomé de Las Casas

• Hernando Cortes

• Moctezuma