Unit 3 Quiz Review: Cellular Processes and Enzymes

Many plants that grow on land store energy in the form of starch. When plants need energy, the molecules of starch can be broken down into monosaccharides.

What type of biomolecule is starch?

• Protein

• Lipid

• Carbohydrate

• Nucleic acid

Which of the following correctly pairs a biomolecule to its function?

• Enzyme: makes cell membrane's phospholipid bilayer

• Cellulose: makes the cell walls of all plant cells

• Cholesterol: stores genetic information

• Glucose: increases the rate of a reaction

Carbohydrates and lipids both serve as a source of energy for organisms. What kind(s) of energy are provided by carbohydrates and lipids?

• Lipids provide a quick source of energy, while carbohydrates provide long-term energy storage.

• Carbohydrates provide a quick source of energy, while lipids provide long-term energy storage.

• Both carbohydrates and lipids provide a quick source of energy.

• Both carbohydrates and lipids provide long-term energy storage.

Scientists in Australia have developed a routine for athletes to follow the day before a big race. This routine includes consuming a large number of carbohydrates. This type of routine is known as “carbo-loading”.

Why might consuming a large number of carbohydrates be beneficial for the athlete during the race?

• Carbohydrates will help the athlete build extra muscle.

• Carbohydrates will provide energy to last the race.

• Carbohydrates will speed up reactions to maintain homeostasis.

• Carbohydrates will decrease the chances of cramping.

1 Animals, like bears, hedgehogs, and frogs, hibernate during the cold winter months to conserve energy. Hibernation allows them to survive for long periods of time without needing to eat. Their bodies get nutrients and energy during hibernation by burning stored fat.

In order for hibernation to work, the animal would need to eat a lot of what biomolecule first?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Nucleic acids

• Proteins

What does aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration have in common?

• Both are metabolic pathways by which cells obtain or use energy.

• Both require oxygen to break molecular bonds for ATP production.

• Both processes occur in all living organisms.

• Both produce relatively equal amounts of ATP.

A person is asked to run on a treadmill for two hours so data can be gathered on how lactic acid accumulates in the human body. Lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration. The results are placed in a table.

How did the respiration of the person change throughout the run?

• At the beginning of the run, the cells primarily performed aerobic respiration but changed later in the run to perform more anaerobic respiration when the oxygen level decreased in the body.

• At the beginning of the run, the cells primarily performed anaerobic respiration, but changed later in the run to perform more aerobic respiration when the oxygen level increased in the body.

• At the beginning of the run, the cells primarily performed aerobic respiration, but changed later in the run to perform more anaerobic respiration when the oxygen level increased in the body.

• At the beginning of the run, the cells started with anaerobic respiration, but changed later in the run to perform more aerobic respiration when the oxygen level decreased in the body.

Students constructed a diagram to represent two related cellular processes. What statement accurately names and describes the function of the organelle labeled B?

• A mitochondrion produces energy from food to power cellular processes.

• A mitochondrion produces food using radiant energy.

• A chloroplast produces energy from food to power cellular processes.

• A chloroplast produces food using radiant energy

Students placed yeast cells into a test tube. They added sugar solution to the test tube and placed a rubber stopper on the end. They left the test tube at room temperature to examine after reading about yeast. Students discovered through reading that yeast are single-celled fungi that contain many mitochondria, but chloroplasts are absent.

What most likely occurred in the test tube while the students were reading?

• Yeast produced carbon dioxide due to cellular respiration.

• Yeast produced carbon dioxide due to photosynthesis.

• Yeast produced oxygen due to cellular respiration.

• Yeast produced oxygen due To photosynthesis.

Students measured and graphed the activity of enzymes at different temperatures. Which is the most valid conclusion based on this graph?

• Enzymes are not affected by temperature.

• Enzymes work most effectively at low temperatures.

• Raising the temperature always makes an enzyme work better.

• Enzyme function decreases after a certain favorable temperature.