Urinary Anatomy

The kidneys are located in the _____ space.

• pelvic cavity

• peritoneal cavity

• abdominal cavity

• retroperitoneal

The final branches of the interlobular arteries give rise to the _________________ that convey blood to the nephrons.

• interlobar arteries

• arcuate arteries

• efferent arterioles

• afferent arterioles

The last part of a nephron is the _____.

• collecting duct

• renal papilla

• distal convoluted tubule

• glomerulus

Main factor promoting bladder infections in females?

• menstruation

• genetics

• dietary factors

• length of urethra

Choose the statement that does not correctly characterize the kidneys.

• There are two coiled portions of the renal tubule.

• The right kidney is usually 2 to 5 centimetres higher than the left one.

• The kidney is padded by a layer of fat.

• Inside the kidney, there is a hollow chamber called the renal sinus.

Peristaltic muscular contractions are important for conveying urine through the excretory system, much like peristalsis in the digestive tract. Peristalsis of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder is controlled by ______________.

• conscious control of the skeletal muscle

• sympathetic nervous impulses

• parasympathetic nervous impulses

• impulses from the cerebral cortex

Which of the following is not compatible with life?

• Ectopic kidneys

• Bilateral renal agenesis

• Horseshoe kidney

• Crossed fused renal ectopia

One of the following is a non-invasive procedure for treating nephrolithiasis

• Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

• nephrolithotomy

• partial nephrectomy

• nephrectomy

One of the following is not a feature of Acute kidney injury

• It is a sudden decline in renal function, usually over hours or days

• It causes elevations in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen

• it is irreversible even if there is a quick identification and treatment of the underlying cause

• can be caused by renal artery occlusion

TRUE or FALSE?:

To provide inferior support, transplanted kidneys are most commonly placed in the peritoneal cavity in the iliac fossa

• True

• False