Psych Social Cognition

What is Prejudice?

• holding a negative attitude towards the members of a group, based solely on their membership of that group.

• Any group you do not belong to or identify with.

• any group that you belong toor identify with.

• collection of beliefs that we have about the people who belong to a certain group, regardless of individual differences among members of that group.

What is an Outgroup?

• holding a negative attitude towards the members of a group, based solely on their membership of that group.

• Any group you do not belong to or identify with.

• any group that you belong to or identify with.

• collection of beliefs that we have about the people who belong to a certain group, regardless of individual differences among members of that group.

What is Stereotype?

• holding a negative attitude towards the members of a group, based solely on their membership of that group.

• Any group you do not belong to or identify with.

• any group that you belong toor identify with.

• collection of beliefs that we have about the people who belong to a certain group, regardless of individual differences among members of that group.

What is Old Fashioned Prejudice?

• It is a form of prejudice in which members of the majority group openly reject minority group members and their views towards the minority group are obvious and recognisable to others.

• It is a form of prejudice which is more subtle, hidden and expressed in ways more likely to be accepted within the majority group.

What is Modern Prejudice?

• It is a form of prejudice in which members of the majority group openly reject minority group members and their views towards the minority group are obvious and recognisable to others.

• It is a form of prejudice which is more subtle, hidden and expressed in ways more likely to be accepted within the majority group.

Which are the four characteristics of Prejudice according to American psychologist Herbert Blumer (1961)?

• they tend to believe that they are superior to the minority group to whom the prejudice is directed

• the majority group tend to believe the minority group is different from them and that they ‘do not belong’

• the majority group tend to believe that they are more powerful and important than the minority group

• a majority group that displays prejudiced attitudes is insecure, fearing the minority group may become more powerful and important than itself.

• A minority group displays prejudice attitudes by displaying contempt towards majority groups.

What is Discrimination?

• Discrimination refers to positive or negative behaviour that is directed towards a social group and its members. Of particular concern to psychologists (and to Australian society in general) is discrimination against an individual or specific group.

• The results showed that, gradually over time, the participants learned to more accurately identify age-based stereotypes and that their response times to the different photographs became faster and faster.

What is the Halo Effect?

• he halo effect is a cognitive bias in which the impression we form about one quality of a person influences our beliefs and expectations about the person in other qualities. For example, if a person is good looking it is assumed that they have other good qualities.

• A person’s body language is an expression of behaviour that enables us to make quick and often accurate judgments about them. There are also shared understandings of what many of these expressive behaviours mean.

What is Body Language?

• A person’s body language is an expression of behaviour that enables us to make quick and often accurate judgments about them.

• Body Language is the way a person talks, it enables us to make quick and often accurate judgements about them based on their voice.

What is Eye Contact?

• Eye contact is one of the most influential forms of non-verbal communication.If the other person establishes eye contact it will tend to be perceived as a sign of interest and attention, just as breaking eye contact and looking somewhere else is an indication that you are not interested in what is being said.

• Eye contact seem to be communicated and perceived in similar ways across many different cultures throughout the world, particularly facial expressions of emotion. Therefore, facial expressions may be part of the information we consider when forming a first impression. American psychologist Paul Ekman has been the most prominent researcher in this area.