Chapter 16 Review

Illusions occur when:

• person does not take into consideration all

  aspects of a sensation

• a sensation becomes physically distorted

• perception consistently differs from objective

  reality

• there is a failure in the biological processing

  of a stimulus.

The Müller-Lyer Illusion is one in which we

mistakenly think that one parallel line is longer

than the other because of the pattern on the end

of each of the lines. The best description of the

illusion is that:

• the line with the arrowheads on the ends is

  perceived to be shorter than the line with the

  feather-tails on the ends

• the line with the arrowheads on the ends is

  perceived to be longer than the line with the

  feather-tails on the ends

• the two lines are perceived to be the same

  length but at different distances from us

• the two lines are perceived to be the average

  length of the outermost and innermost

  measurements.

In the Müller-Lyer Illusion, the ‘carpentered

world’ hypothesis suggests that the line with the

feather-tails is perceived to be:

• longer because it is further away from the

  viewer

• longer because it is closer to the viewer

• shorter because it is closer to the viewer

• shorter because it is further away from the

  viewer.

The Ponzo Illusion is a visual illusion of:

• curvature

• depth and distance

• size and shape

• motion.

The Ames Room provides an illusion because

of our familiarity with the rectangular shape of

rooms. It occurs because we:

• maintain size constancy at the expense of

  shape constancy

• maintain shape constancy at the expense of

  size constancy

• perceive that size and shape constancies

  are maintained

• perceive that neither size nor shape

  constancy is maintained.

Motion after-effect’ is an illusion of movement

caused by:

• reduced activity in motion-detecting

  neurons

• increased activity in motion-detecting

  neurons

• maintenance of motion constancy

• perceptual set caused by expectancy.

MAEs may occur:

• only in vision

• in vision and the tactile senses

• in vision, tactile senses and hearing

• in all senses.

Synaesthetes may perceive:

• colour from visual stimuli

• sounds from visual stimuli or colour from

  sounds

• colour from auditory stimuli or from touch

• a response in one of the senses from

  stimulation of another.

Studies of synaesthesia have shown that the

initial processing in the primary sensory

cortex is:

• different for synaesthetes compared to other

  people

• similar for synaesthetes and for other people

• the cause of the misperception in

  synaesthesia

• under the conscious control of those with

  normal perceptions.