Modern Middle East

At the beginning of World War I, the area now known as the Middle East was part of

• Britain

• France

• Ottoman Empire

• The Mughal Empire

The Ottoman Empire (1299-1922) was based in modern-day

• Syria

• Turkey

• Egypt

• Saudi Arabia

What was the policy of the Ottoman Empire during World War I?

• It remained neutral

• it persuaded Arabs in the empire to fight against Austria

• it joined forces with Germany

• it yielded territory to the Allies

One reason Europeans sought control of the parts of the Middle East was

• to protect their homelands from invasion

• to sell European goods in the region

• as reparations from Germany after the war

• because oil had been discovered there

According to the article, which is true of the Sykes-Picot Agreement?

• it was accepted by Arab leaders as a path to peace

• it was created in secret

• it was based on long-standing divisions between ethnic and religious groups

• all of the above

According to the primary source and map, area (b) and the red zone would be under

• French control

• British control

• Russian control

• International control

Britain and France had promised Arab leaders autonomous lands if the Arabs would

• give Britain and France access to the oil reserves in the Middle East

• put aside ethnic and religious differences and work toward peace

• denounce Russia and its communist rulers

• join Britain and France in fighting against the Turks

You can infer from the article that the US position on the Middle East immediately following the war was

• the League of Nations must squash conflicts between rival religious groups

• the Middle East belonged under Turkish rule

• the Middle East territories should have the right to self-determination

• the Sykes-Picot agreement was fair and necessary

At the end of World War I, the League of Nations authorized mandates that

• gave Middle Eastern countries complete independence

• gave Britain and France some control over policy and trade in the Middle East

• dictated which ethnic and religious groups could live in which Middle Eastern country

• none of the above

The central idea of the article is that

• political instability in the Middle East is here to stay

• the Middle East should return to its pre-World War I borders

• an agreement carved out during World War I may have a lot to do with the problems in the Middle East today

• the possibility of peace in the Middle East is currently in the hands of British and French diplomats