Module 24 Retrieval Review

The tendency for memory of information to be improved if related information (such as surroundings or physiological state) available when the memory is being retrieved.

• encoding specificity

• retrieval cue

• recall

• recognition

The ability to match a piece of information or a stimulus to a stored image or fact.

• encoding specificity

• recall

• recognition

• retrieval cue

Type of memory retrieval in which the information to be retrieved must be “pulled” from memory with very few external cues.

• encoding specificity

• recall

• recognition

• recognition

A stimulus for remembering.

• recognition

• encoding specificity

• recall

• retrieval cue

Strategies and memory “tricks” to help us remember information more effectively.

• primacy effect

• recency effect

• serial position effect

• mnemonics

Tendency of information at the beginnings and end of a body of information to be remembered more accurately than information in the middle of the body of information.

• primacy effect

• recency effect

• serial position effect

• mnemonics

Tendency to remember information at the end of a body of information at the end of a body of information better than the information at the beginning of it.

• serial position effect

• mnemonics

• recency effect -

• primacy effect

Tendency to remember information at the beginning of a body of information better than the information that follows.

• recency effect

• Mnemonics

• serial position effect

• primacy effect

Type of automatic encoding that occurs because an unexpected event has strong emotional associations for the person remembering it.

• flashbulb memories

• constructive processing

• misinformation effect

• hindsight bias

The tendency to falsely believe, through revision of older memories to include newer information, that one could have correctly predicted the outcome of an event.

• flashbulb memories

• constructive processing

• misinformation effect

• hindsight bias