The Enlightenment

Which statement best describes the beliefs of the Enlightenment thinkers?

• They had faith that absolute monarchs would govern wisely and fairly

• They believed religion alone could answer all questions about life

• They believed that science and reason could improve people’s lives

• They believed that the ancient Greeks and Romans knew all there was to know

Which groups played the greatest role in the Enlightenment?

• Soldiers and military leaders

• Explorers and adventurers

• Peasants and farmers

• Scientists and philosophers

Which of the following best describes Isaac Newton?

• Father of democracy

• Friend of the poor peasant

• Influential scientist

• Leader of religious thought

Newton’s theory of gravity draws what conclusion?

• A natural force pulls objects toward Earth

• People descended from apes

• The monarch does not rule by divine right

• Eating at least one apple each day promotes good health

Why is René Descartes known as the “father of modern philosophy”?

• He plotted to overthrow the monarch

• He used reason to ask questions and find truths

• He wrote a new constitution for his country

• He discovered medicines that improved health

Descartes encouraged people to doubt everything except

• A monarch’s right to rule

• The law

• Their own existence

• The word of the Church

Which of the following ideas is associated with Thomas Hobbes?

• Tabula rasa

• The need for a strong government

• Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

• I think, therefore I am

Which statement best describes Thomas Hobbes’ conclusion about human nature?

• Given the choice, people will help one another

• Given the choice, people will only help family members

• People in society are naturally peaceful

• People are naturally selfish and greedy

Which type of government did Thomas Hobbes support?

• Democracy with government officials elected by the people

• An absolute monarchy

• A monarch whose power is limited by a parliament

• No government

Which did Hobbes consider most important for a strong society?

• Law and order

• Human rights

• Exploration and discovery

• Scientific research