World History Middle Ages, Renaissance, & Reformation Review

In Europe, the Crusades resulted in

•  increased demand for Asian and Middle Eastern goods. 
•  the death of millions in Europe because of American diseases. 
•  the strengthening of a society based on capitalism. 
•  the weakening of the Catholic church in Southern Europe. 

During the Renaissance, a strong belief in humanism emerged. "Humanism" means 

•  that the individual has importance and his achievements should be celebrated. 
•  that the power of the state was more important than individual liberty. 
•  that the teachings of the ancient Greeks had no place in Renaissance thought. 
•  that obedience to God was not as important as obedience to the state. 

The Council of Trent of 1545 addressed the issues raised by Martin Luther and other Protestant reformers by 

•  encouraging new religious orders, such as the Jesuits, to set good examples. 
•  allowing political leaders to appoint religious leaders, such as bishops. 
•  rejecting the seven sacraments set down by the early church. 
•  reducing the literacy training of local priests. 

The LEAST LIKELY impact of Gutenberg's adaptation of the printing press in 1439 was 

•  the suppression of literacy in Europe. 
•  the spread of Renaissance ideas. 
•  the stimulation of the scientific revolution. 
•  the circulation of Martin Luther's ideas on Protestantism. 

Which statement BEST describes the importance of the holy sacraments as they were developed in Medieval Europe? 

•  they extended the discipline of the monastery to all Christendom 
•  they prevented kings from challenging Church power 
•  they helped to reform the feudal system in western Europe 
•  they were tests people had to pass before becoming monks or nuns 

Charlemagne was important in medieval Europe because 

•  he established a relatively unified empire in medieval Europe. 
•  the Catholic Church was unable to control his political actions. 
•  his invasion of England made it a French colony. 
•  he stopped the spread of Islam into Spain. 

During the Middle Ages, which group was generally responsible for the preservation of learning and ancient literature?

•  priests and monks 
•  traders and businessmen 
•  doctors and lawyers 
•  nobles and kings 

Humanism is associated with the Renaissance because humanists 

•  were inspired by the renewed interest in Greek and Roman culture. 
•  recreated the old Roman Empire. 
•  were located in Northern Europe. 
•  believed that the Catholic Church was in dire need of massive reform. 

By the end of the Renaissance, Johannes Gutenberg had the GREATEST impact on 

•  literacy rates. 
•  political criticism. 
•  religious philosophy. 
• artistic methods. 

Which statement BEST explains the point of this passage from Machiavelli?

• absolute power is the surest and most effective way to rule

• leaders should be more in touch with the people

• democracy is the best form of national government

• people should rise up against tyrannical rulers