Historical Contributors

took careful notes of signs and symptoms of diseases. Wrote the Oath of Hippocrates, which is a standard today for medical ethics.

• Hippocrates

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Edward Jenner

• Ben Franklin

invented the microscope

• Hippocrates

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Edward Jenner

• Ben Franklin

developed a vaccination for small pox

• Hippocrates

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Edward Jenner

• Ben Franklin

invented bifocals and found that colds could be passed from person to person

• Hippocrates

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Edward Jenner

• Ben Franklin

founder of "modern nursing"

• Sir Alexander Fleming

• Rene Laennec

• Elizabeth Blackwell

• Florence Nightingale

first female physician in the U.S.

• Sir Alexander Fleming

• Rene Laennec

• Elizabeth Blackwell

• Florence Nightingale

invented the first stethoscope

• Sir Alexander Fleming

• Rene Laennec

• Elizabeth Blackwell

• Florence Nightingale

Discovered penicillin

• Sir Alexander Fleming

• Rene Laennec

• Elizabeth Blackwell

• Florence Nightingale

Pioneer in the importance of cleanliness, invented the culture plate

• Louis Pasteur

• Joseph Lister

• Clara Barton

• Robert Koch

founder of the Red Cross

• Louis Pasteur

• Joseph Lister

• Clara Barton

• Robert Koch