Memory Chapter 6

Which type of memory system best explains the “What?” phenomenon?

• iconic sensory system

• echoic sensory system

• short-term memory system

• tactile sensory system

For information to travel from either the iconic or echoic sensory system to short-term memory, it must first be ________ and then encoded primarily into ________ form.

• unconsciously chosen; auditory

• selectively attended to; visual

• biologically chosen; visual

• selectively attended to; auditory

________ memory includes what people can do or demonstrate, whereas ________ memory is about what people know and can report.

• Nondeclarative; declarative

• Declarative; nondeclarative

• Semantic; nondeclarative

• Episodic; semantic

When creating a presentation, many public-speaking instructors will tell you to develop a strong opening or attention getter to your presentation as well as a good summary and finish. What aspect of memory BEST explains these suggestions?

• parallel distributed processing model of memory

• chunking

• elaborative rehearsal theory

• serial position effect

Your mother tells you to dress for success at your interview because it’s all about “first impressions.” In other words, she is telling you that people often remember what they see first. This belief is in line with what element of memory?

• the primacy effect

• the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

• the recency effect

• the power of false positives

Research by Elizabeth Loftus shows that eyewitness recognition is very prone to what psychologists call ________.

• automatic encoding

• a false positive

• a flashbulb memory

• a recency effect

The tendency of certain elements to enter long-term memory with little or no effort to encode and organize them is what defines ________.

• encoding specificity

• automatic encoding

• flashbulb memories

• eidetic imagery

You are surprised by the fact that you cannot remember if Abraham Lincoln’s head faces the left or the right on a penny. This is all the more surprising given the fact that you work with money at your job on nearly a daily basis. What would BEST explain such an inability to recall this information?

• encoding failure

• decay theory

• interference theory

• distributed practice effect

Henry Gustav Molaison, infamously known as H.M., was unable to form new declarative memories. He suffered from what psychologists call ________.

• psychogenic amnesia

• retrograde amnesia

• retroactive amnesia

• anterograde amnesia

Your English instructor has given you an assignment to write down your most favorite memory from when you were 12 months old. What might you tell him?

• Memories from this time are exceptionally vivid because of the exciting nature of childhood.

• Students will not be able to recall such memories if they had yet to develop the ability to talk by age 1.

• Students’ memories are detailed but often inaccurate.

• Students will probably not be able to recall events from such an early age.