Mutations

What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A

• Substitution
• Deletion
• Insertion
• Frameshift 

A mutation is defined as ___________. It adds ______________ to a population.

• A change in the cell's structure. Similarities

• Anything that changes in an embryo. Variation.

• Any change in the physical features of a human. Similarities.

• A change in the DNA sequence. Variation.

Would a mutation in the DNA of a skin cell be passed on to an organism's offspring?

• Yes, because any change to the DNA is passed on to the offspring

• Maybe. Sex cells only use half of the body's genetic code. It might get the copy of a gene that wasn't mutated.

• No. Only mutations that occur in the gametes (sex cells) are passed on to the offspring

• Without knowing the animal, it would be hard to tell whether or not the mutation would be passed on.

DNA molecule segment is : TTA-CGC-AAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTC-GCA-AG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Inversion

Mutated DNA sequences that can be passed from parent to offspring --

• occur in somatic cells (body cells)
• occur in gametic cells (sex cells)
• are rejected by meiosis
• only occur if the parent is exposed to harmful substances

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

• They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

• They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

• They often delete things that organisms need.

• Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

Original: ATC CAT

Mutation: ATC GCA

What mutation occurred?

• deletion

• insertion

• silent

• transverse

What causes mutations?

• Mistakes in replication or environmental substances
• The amino acids
• Passed down by genetics
• It's how your born

Which mutation will affect the type of protein that is produced if the original DNA sequence is AAC? (Note: Use your Codon Chart)

• AAT

• GAC

• AAA

• GAT

A type of substitution in which no  amino acids change is called 

• Missense
• Nonsense
• Silent
• Deletion