Review for Macromolecule & Enzyme Test

Identify the biological function of the macromolecule shown above.

• long-term energy storage

• information coding

• short-term energy storage

• catalysis of chemical reactions in cells

A molecule has been isolated from a cell. The molecule's structure has a three dimensional shape and is made of folded chains of amino acids. The function of this molecule is enzymatic catalysis of glycolysis. Choose all of the elements that are found in proteins?

• Carbon

• Nitrogen

• Phosphorus

• Lithium

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Predict which of the following would most likely be identified as a reaction to pepsin as it enters the small intestine.

• It becomes inactive because it denatures.

• It begins to replicate.

• Its shape changes to engulf large proteins.

• Its activity increases to digest more proteins.

Siamese cats are characterized by light and dark regions of fur. The darker parts occur on the cooler parts of the cat's body because the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the dark pigment is more active when cool. Select the factor that is affecting the enzymes in this scenario.

• Concentration

• pH

• Temperature

• All of the above

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

Identify which of the following atoms make up the structure of nucleic acids.

• Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Phosphorus (P)

• Nitrogen (N), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Phosphorus (P)C)

• Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Iodine (I)

• Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Phosphorus (P), Sodium (Na)

Enzymes are biological substances, known as catalytic proteins. Identify which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes.

• Enzymes catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy.

• Enzymes can react with any reactant.

• The structure of the enzyme determines the chemical reaction.

• The enzymes bind to the active site of the substrate.

This is an example of an unsaturated fat. Identify how can you tell from the structural formula.

• The molecule is asymmetrical.

• There are polar bonds present.

• There are double bonds present.

• There are only three fatty acids present.

Enzymes

• are composed of long chains of fatty acids.

• can be destroyed by variations in temperature or pH.

• are used up, in the process of performing a chemical reaction.

• raise the amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

All of the following are true facts about enzymes EXCEPT

• all living cells have enzymes.

• life would not be possible without enzymes.

• enzymes can speed chemical reactions by 100s to billions of times.

• there are a few types of enzymes, but they each perform many types of reactions.

Identify the correct macromolecule: DNA or RNA

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1