Ancient India

Which statement BEST explains how the geography affected the development of Ancient Mesopotamian and Indus River Valley Civilization?

• Both Civilizations were self-sufficient and did not engage in trade

• The river valleys provide fertile land enabling a surplus in agriculture

• Both Civilizations had arid climates and could not keep food in storage

• The seaports provided water access enabling each civilization to become empires

1. Read the Passage below and answer the questions

In Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Indus river valley, and China, the rivers flooded. The Egyptians welcomed the flooding of the Nile and celebrated flooding season. The Huang He River flooded violently and killed many. The Indus River also flooded every year during monsoon season. While people knew when to expect them, the floods could become very dangerous. People knew when the Tigris-Euphrates would flood and the floods could be deadly.

What statement is true about these Civilizations?

• All for civilizations were at risk of floods, but developed technologies to control the floods

• All four rivers at the same time of year, but the four civilizations were still occasionally caught off guard by the floods

• Although the severity and timing o flooding was different for the four rivers, civilizations valued the rivers enough to stay near them

• Although the flooding of the four different rivers sustained the people of each civilization, two civilizations stayed near the rivers and two eventually moved away

Which statement BEST describes why the Nile Valley, Fertile Crescent, Indus River Valley and the Huang Valley Civilizations flourished?

• These civilizations flourished because their warm climate was idea for raising families

• These civilizations flourished because their climate provided steady rainfall for their crops

• These civilizations flourished because their river systems provided easy access for their ships

• These civilizations flourished because their river systems provided excellent soil conditions for growing crops

In what ways did the Ganges River differ from other rivers in ancient civilizations?

• The Ganges River is believed to be sacred in Hinduism

• The Ganges River was not large enough to sustain a sizeable population

• The Ganges River often flooded, creating hardships for local settlers

• The Ganges River allowed people to develop farming communities

Which geographic feature limited interaction between the ancient Chinese civilization and the Indus River Civilization

• Himalayan Mountains

• Hindu Kush Mountains

• Arabian Sea

• Thar Desert

Who is at the top of the pyramid for the Caste System?

• Brahmins

• Pariah

• Sudras

• Ksytriyas

Which of the following statements describes a relationship between the Hindu belief in karma and the Caste System?

• A person born to a lower caste is unable to escape their position in life

• A person who acts morally will escape their caste in this life

• A person who acts morally will escape their position in the next life

• A person born to a higher caste who does bad things will be forgiven for their immoral choices in this life

“There was a separate law for each caste. The Brahman was treated with (mercy) and the Shudra with…severity and cruelty…If a man (killed) a Brahmin, he was punished with death and the (loss) of his property…A fine of a thousand coins was the punishment for (killing) a Kshatriya, that of a hundred for killing a Vaishya, and that of the ten coins only for (killing) a Shura!”

What does the passage show you about justice in India?

• Punishment was more severe for the higher castes

• Punishment was more severe for the lower castes

• Punishment was more severe for crimes against men

• Punishment was more severe for crimes against women

That is the belief that you are born, die then reborn?

• Karma

• Dharma

• Reincarnation

• Ahism

What is the principle goal of those who practice Hinduism?

• To live a peaceful life, follow the Eightfold path and the Four Noble Truths, and meditate to achieved Nirvana

• To accumulate as much wealth and power as possible, establishing a legacy for yourself to live on forever

• To follow one’s dharma and earn good krama in order to enter moksha, becoming one with Brahman

• To forsake all worldly connections, practice nonviolence, and leave the world a better place than you found it