Unit 5 Test Review

How did the growth of railroads impact American society after the Civil War?

• The nation's economy began to shift away from manufacturing toward agriculture.

• The oil and steel industries gained considerable political and

  economic power.

• A population shift toward rural areas of the country led to labor

  shortages in major cities.

• Businesses began to decrease in size due to increased competition and declining profits.

John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company achieved financial success by

• attracting government investment by producing something essential to the security of the United States.

• convincing the most talented people to work for the company by offering higher wages to all workers.

• vertically integrating and controlling the entire process of producing and selling petroleum products.

• building factories outside of the United States to take advantage of lax environmental regulations.

What led to new inventions that enabled people to rapidly communicate over long distances and allowed factories to operate after dark in the nineteenth century?

• The development of labor specialization

• the development of steam engines

• the discovery of electric current

• the discovery of nuclear energy

What is nativism, as it was expressed in the United States in the nineteenth century?

• a policy of protecting native citizens and their interests to the detriment of others

• a movement to return land taken by the United States to American Indian nations

• a movement by many American immigrants to return to their homelands

• a policy of allowing only native born citizens to run for government office

Use the chart associated with the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s to answer the question.

• issues advocated for by labor unions

• reforms demanded by nativists

• goals of the temperance movement

• purposes of laissez-faire policies

What was the purpose of the Transcontinental Railroad?

• to improve American Indians' access to education and jobs

• to link the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of the United States

• to improve trade between Mexico and the United States

• to link large US cities to cities in Central and South America

What policy toward American Indians did the federal government adopt in the nineteenth century?

• The government made enduring treaties so that both the United States and American Indian nations benefited.

• The government encouraged trade with American Indian nations so that all sides could economically benefit.

• The government supported assimilation by providing American Indians with many opportunities on reservations.

• The government sought to destroy traditional American Indian cultures by forcing the people to assimilate.

After the Civil War, what was the MAIN reason for the relocation of American Indians to reservations?

• The federal government wanted to preserve tribal cultures.

• Most of the tribal chiefs requested government protection from white settlers.

• The American Indians had violated their treaties with the federal government.

• Settlers, ranchers, and prospectors wanted their tribal lands.

Based on your knowledge of social studies, what was the artist of this cartoon criticizing?

• Rockefeller's public support for US imperialism as a method of expanding his business into new markets

• Rockefeller's efforts to encourage competition within the railroad industry to prevent the formation of monopolies

• Rockefeller's public support for increased regulation of business to protect his employees and the environment

• Rockefeller's efforts to consolidate control of the oil industry through both horizontal and vertical integration

Which labor leader rejected violence, socialism, and utopian theories, preferring instead to focus on the peaceful, day-to-day struggle for practical goals, such as better wages, benefits, and working conditions?

• Uriah S. Stephens of the Knights of Labor

• Eugene V. Debs of the International Workers of the World

• John Kehoe of the Molly Maguires

• Samuel Gompers of the American Federation of Labor