Quiz about Comp 3 PMA #2 Review

Question 1

Directions: Select each correct entry in the table.

Kelly has a sample of an unknown substance. Which properties of the substance will be the same no matter how large or small her sample is?

Accepted Answer

Melting point

Accepted Answer

Solubility

Accepted Answer

Conductivity

Accepted Answer

Density

Answer

Mass

Question 2

A 10 g sample of butter will melt at a temperature that is _______ the melting point of a 5 g sample of butter.

Accepted Answer

equal to

Answer

double

Answer

less than

Answer

triple

Question 3

A piece of plastic (sample Q), was heated at a constant rate. After 20 minutes of adding heat, the plastic melted. When an identical piece of plastic (sample R), was heated with twice as much heat per minute, the plastic melted in 10 minutes.

How do the melting points of the two pieces of plastic compare?

Accepted Answer

The melting points of sample Q and sample R are the same.

Answer

The melting point of sample Q is higher than sample R's.

Answer

The melting point of sample R is slightly higher than sample Q's.

Answer

The melting point of sample R is double that of sample Q.

Question 4

Each student in Ms. Major's class was given an unknown substance. Ms. Major gave her students a list, shown below, of substances and their properties to help them identify their unknown.

If a student's unknown is a white solid and its density was calculated to be about 1.7 g/mL, it is most likely _______.

Accepted Answer

phosphoric acid

Answer

water

Answer

ethanol

Answer

sodium hydroxide

Question 5

What is the identity of a sample that has a volume of 0.56 cm3 and a mass of 10.8 g?

Accepted Answer

gold

Answer

lead

Answer

silver

Answer

mercury

Question 6

True or false. Gas particles never touch each other.

Accepted Answer

False; gas particles can touch each other when they collide.

Answer

True; gas particles move too rapidly to ever touch.

Answer

False; gas particles are constantly touching each other.

Answer

True; gas particles are located too far apart to ever touch.

Question 7

What state of matter is best represented by the diagram below?

Accepted Answer

liquid

Answer

solid

Answer

gas

Answer

all of these

Question 8

When substances go through chemical changes, which of the following will always happen?

Accepted Answer

One or more substances with different chemical properties will form.

Answer

A gas will form or a white solid will precipitate.

Answer

One or more substances will be completely destroyed.

Answer

Exactly one new substance will form and one will be destroyed.

Question 9

Mario places 10 mL of water in a test tube and heats the liquid over a Bunsen burner for 2 minutes. After removing the test tube from the Bunsen burner, there are 6 mL of water left in the test tube. This experiment is a good example of a

Accepted Answer

physical change involving phase changes.

Answer

chemical change involving chemical reactions.

Answer

chemical change involving phase changes.

Answer

physical change involving chemical reactions.

Question 10

The chemical reaction shown above takes place in a closed system. What is true about the system while the reaction occurs?

Accepted Answer

The total mass of the particles in the system stays the same.

Answer

The total number of particles in the system decreases.

Answer

The total mass of the particles in the system increases.

Answer

The total number of particles in the system increases.

Question 11

The periodic table is shown below.

Helium (He), neon (Ne) and argon (Ar) are all colorless, odorless gases with low chemical reactivity. Based on the periodic table, which other element would also have those same properties? (Select all of the correct answers below)

Accepted Answer

xenon (Xe)

Accepted Answer

radon (Rn)

Accepted Answer

krypton (Kr)

Answer

carbon (C)

Question 12

The periodic table is shown below.

Based on the periodic table, which of the following groups of elements should have very similar chemical properties?

Accepted Answer

lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K)

Answer

carbon (C), iodine (I), hydrogen (H)

Answer

manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), molybdenum (Mo)

Answer

potassium (K), aluminum (Al), neon (Ne)

Question 13

Neon is a gas made up of only one type of atom. Which term best describes neon?

Accepted Answer

element

Answer

molecule

Answer

compound

Answer

mixture

Question 14

Within an atom, electrons

Accepted Answer

are in motion outside the nucleus.

Answer

are inside the nucleus and are motionless.

Answer

are outside the nucleus and are motionless.

Answer

are in motion inside the nucleus.

Question 15

What is the smallest part of an element that still retains properties of that element?

Accepted Answer

atom

Answer

mixture

Answer

molecule

Answer

compound

Question 16

Which of the following make up the nucleus of an atom?

Accepted Answer

protons and neutrons

Answer

electrons only

Answer

protons and electrons

Answer

neutrons only

Question 17

All atoms of the same element have the same number of ___________, which is called the atomic number.

Accepted Answer

protons

Answer

neutrons

Answer

electrons

Answer

protons and neutrons

Question 18

Matter can be found existing in several different forms. The image above represents which of the following types of matter?

Accepted Answer

compound

Answer

element

Answer

homogeneous mixture

Answer

heterogeneous mixture

Question 19

Matter can be found existing in several different forms. Air is a substance that contains elements and compounds such as oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor and carbon dioxide. Air is an example of which of the following types of matter?

Accepted Answer

homogeneous mixture

Answer

element

Answer

compound

Answer

heterogeneous mixture

Question 20

Vinegar has a pH of 2. Vinegar _______.

Accepted Answer

is an acid

Answer

is a base

Answer

is a neutral substance

Answer

could be either an acid or a base

Question 21

A solution of baking soda has a pH of 9. Baking soda _______.

Accepted Answer

is a base

Answer

could be either an acid or a base

Answer

is an acid

Answer

is a neutral substance

Question 22

A diagram of the carbon-oxygen cycle is shown below.

Which of the following is mainly responsible for the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

plants

Answer

factories

Answer

soil

Answer

animals

Question 23

Living systems consist of organisms interacting with their environments. The carbon cycle is an example of a living system.

Assuming the carbon cycle is a closed system, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Mass and energy are conserved in the carbon cycle.

Answer

When all the fossil fuels are used up, there will be no more carbon.

Answer

The Sun absorbs energy from the carbon cycle.

Answer

As population sizes increase, more carbon is produced.

Question 24

The main reason that cells carry out cellular respiration is to _______.

Accepted Answer

release energy

Answer

get glucose

Answer

eliminate wastes

Answer

breathe

Question 25

Cellular respiration involves a chemical reaction to form (Select all of the correct answers below)

Accepted Answer

carbon dioxide

Accepted Answer

energy

Accepted Answer

water

Answer

oxygen

Answer

glucose

Question 26

Photosynthesis involves a chemical reaction between which of following? (Select all of the correct answers below)

Accepted Answer

carbon dioxide

Accepted Answer

energy

Accepted Answer

water

Answer

oxygen

Answer

glucose

Question 27

The process of cellular respiration begins with molecules of _______ and ends with the production of _______.

Accepted Answer

glucose, energy

Answer

glucose, oxygen

Answer

energy, glucose

Answer

oxygen, glucose

Question 28

Living organisms need energy to carry on their life processes. Green plants get this energy by undergoing photosynthesis.

During photosynthesis, plants absorb energy from sunlight, they take in water from the soil using their roots, and they take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. What is produced in the leaves of plants, in addition to oxygen?

Accepted Answer

sugar

Answer

hydrogen

Answer

minerals

Answer

all of these

Question 29

Which of the following best describes the matter present in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

The waste materials generated by one organism are often reused by other organisms.

Answer

New matter is continuously generated by an ecosystem in a process known as photosynthesis.

Answer

The total amount of matter in an ecosystem is constantly decreasing due to the process of decomposition.

Answer

When an organism reproduces, new matter is added to its ecosystem.

Question 30

Through the process of photosynthesis, light energy from the Sun was transformed into chemical energy in the form of sugar within a strawberry plant. The strawberries were then eaten by a bird, and the sugars were converted into other essential molecules, such as proteins or fats. When the bird produced waste, bacteria in the soil decomposed the waste into elements, such as carbon and nitrogen, which were recycled back into the ecosystem.

In this example, matter and energy changed forms and locations as they flowed through the ecosystem. What else is true?

Accepted Answer

The total amount of matter and energy remained the same.

Answer

The total amount of matter and energy increased.

Answer

Matter and energy were lost each time they changed forms.

Answer

Matter and energy were lost each time they changed locations.

Question 31

The diagram below summarizes the Earth's carbon cycle. Examine the diagram, and answer the question that follows.

Carbon is taken from the atmosphere through _______.

Accepted Answer

photosynthesis

Answer

combustion of organic material

Answer

volcanic activity

Answer

respiration of plants and animals

Question 32

The diagram below summarizes the Earth's carbon cycle. Examine the diagram, and answer the question that follows.

Carbon is returned to the atmosphere through _______.

Accepted Answer

respiration of plants and animals

Answer

photosynthesis

Answer

dissolution of carbon dioxide in water

Answer

all of these

Question 33

The diagram below shows the Earth, Sun, and Moon system.

From the diagram, which phase of the Moon will result in a spring tide?

Accepted Answer

Y

Answer

X

Answer

Z

Answer

W

Question 34

The picture below shows the positions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon during an eclipse.

What is true of the eclipse shown in the picture?

Accepted Answer

It is a lunar eclipse, in which the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.

Answer

It is a solar eclipse, in which the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth.

Answer

It is a lunar eclipse, in which the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth.

Answer

It is a solar eclipse, in which the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.

Question 35

The picture below shows the positions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon during an eclipse.

What is true of the eclipse shown in the picture?

Accepted Answer

It is a solar eclipse, in which the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth.

Answer

It is a lunar eclipse, in which the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth.

Answer

It is a solar eclipse, in which the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.

Answer

It is a lunar eclipse, in which the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.

Question 36

As the Earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the Sun, the Earth goes through seasonal changes. Why does this happen?

Accepted Answer

because the Earth's axis is tilted

Answer

because the Earth rotates slowly

Answer

because the Earth is closer to the Sun during the summer

Answer

because the Moon revolves around the Earth

Question 37

Different seasons arise as the Earth revolves around the Sun because the Earth's axis is tilted. When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, what seasons will the two hemispheres be experiencing?

Accepted Answer

The Northern Hemisphere will be in summer, and the Southern Hemisphere will be in winter.

Answer

The Northern Hemisphere will be in winter, and the Southern Hemisphere will be in summer.

Answer

Both hemispheres will be in winter.

Answer

Both hemispheres will be in summer.

Question 38

What unit of time on Earth is based on the rotation of the Earth?

Accepted Answer

day

Answer

month

Answer

year

Answer

hour

Question 39

What unit of time on Earth is based on the revolution of the Earth around the Sun?

Accepted Answer

year

Answer

month

Answer

hour

Answer

day

Question 40

The diagram below shows positions of the Moon as it orbits the Earth.

Half of the Moon's surface is lit by sunlight no matter what the Moon's position, but the amount of the lit surface that is visible from Earth varies with the Moon's position.

Which phase of the Moon is represented by position 1?

Accepted Answer

new Moon

Answer

waxing gibbous

Answer

waning crescent

Answer

waxing crescent

Question 41

The diagram below shows positions of the Moon as it orbits the Earth.

Half of the Moon's surface is lit by sunlight no matter what the Moon's position, but the amount of the lit surface that is visible from Earth varies with the Moon's position.

Which phase of the Moon is represented by position 5?

Accepted Answer

full Moon

Answer

waning crescent

Answer

new Moon

Answer

waxing crescent

Question 42

Tides on Earth occur because of the gravitational force between the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun. Because gravitational force decreases with increasing distance, the force of the Moon's gravity is less on the side of Earth facing away from the Moon than on the side of Earth facing the Moon. The Sun also causes tides, but the Sun's effect on tides is less than that of the Moon. The effect of their combined gravitational forces is to try to squeeze Earth into an ellipse. However, the Earth's crust is rigid and does not easily deform. The water in the ocean flows and piles up to create high tides. The figure provided shows the tidal bulges created by the gravitational forces of the Moon and Sun.

The ocean tides are influenced more by the Moon than by the Sun. Which of the following best explains this statement?

Accepted Answer

The Sun is farther from Earth than the Moon is.

Answer

The Sun is much brighter than the Moon.

Answer

The Sun has less mass than the Moon.

Answer

The Sun has less gravity than the Moon.

Question 43

The diagram below shows the Earth, Sun, and Moon system.

From the diagram, which phase of the Moon will result in a neap tide?

Accepted Answer

X

Answer

Y

Answer

Z

Answer

W

Question 44

Dustin saw the following moon phase in the sky.

What moon phase will he most likely see in about 7 days?

Accepted Answer

a last-quarter moon.

Answer

a first-quarter moon.

Answer

a new moon.

Answer

a full moon.

Question 45

According to the law of universal gravitation, any two objects are attracted to each other. The strength of the gravitational force depends on the masses of the objects and their distance from each other.

Many stars have planets around them. If there were no gravity attracting a planet to its star, the planet's motion would carry it away from the star. However, when this motion is balanced by the gravitational attraction to the star, the planet orbits the star.

Two solar systems each have a planet the same distance from the star. The planets have the same mass, but Planet A orbits a more massive star than Planet B.

Which of the following statements is true about the planets?

Accepted Answer

Planet A orbits its star faster than Planet B.

Answer

Planet B will keep orbiting its star longer than Planet A.

Answer

Planet A has a longer year than Planet B.

Answer

Planet B is more attracted to its star than Planet A.

Question 46

The chart below shows the average surface temperature or temperature range for each of the eight planets.

What conclusion can be drawn from this information?

Accepted Answer

Earth and the other inner planets have higher average surface temperatures than the outer planets.

Answer

Earth and the other inner planets have lower average surface temperatures than the outer planets.

Answer

Earth has the lowest average surface temperature, and Venus has the highest average surface temperature.

Answer

Earth has the highest average surface temperature, and Uranus has the lowest average surface temperature.

Question 47

Each of the eight planets in the Solar System follows a different elliptical orbit around the Sun. An ellipse is a type of oval shape. Each planet's orbit is at a different distance from the Sun than the other planets' orbits.

Beginning nearest to the Sun, the order of the planets is: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

Based on this order, which of the following is true of Jupiter?

Accepted Answer

It must travel farther than Earth does to complete one orbit around the Sun.

Answer

It must travel in the opposite direction around the Sun than Earth does.

Answer

It travels the same distance as Earth does to complete one orbit around the Sun.

Answer

It travels a shorter distance than Earth does to complete one orbit around the Sun.

Question 48

In the diagram below, the planets' relative distances from the Sun are shown. The sizes of the planets are not drawn to scale.

Which of the following planets most likely has the warmest surface temperature?

Accepted Answer

Mercury

Answer

Jupiter

Answer

Neptune

Answer

Earth

Question 49

Mercury, Venus, and Earth are the three planets closest to the Sun. The force of gravity on the surface of each planet is different. Which of the following places these three planets in order from greatest surface gravity to least?

Accepted Answer

Earth, Venus, Mercury

Answer

Venus, Earth, Mercury

Answer

Mercury, Venus, Earth

Answer

Earth, Mercury, Venus

Question 50

Inger does the high jump in gym class. Her best jump is at a height of 4 feet 10 inches.

On which planet would Inger not be able to jump as high as 4 feet 10 inches?

Accepted Answer

Jupiter

Answer

Venus

Answer

Mercury

Answer

Mars

Question 51

Inger does the high jump in gym class. Her best jump is at a height of 4 feet 10 inches.

On which planet would Inger be able to jump higher than 4 feet 10 inches?

Accepted Answer

Mercury

Answer

Neptune

Answer

Saturn

Answer

Jupiter

Question 52

Which belief is the basis of Ptolemy's geocentric model of the solar system?

Accepted Answer

The Sun and planets revolve around the Earth.

Answer

The Earth revolves around the Moon.

Answer

Jupiter is the same size as the Earth's moon.

Answer

The Sun is the center of the universe.

Question 53

Which of the following correctly describes the heliocentric model of the Solar System?

Accepted Answer

The Sun is at the center of the Solar System.

Answer

The Moon is at the center of the Solar System.

Answer

Earth is at the center of the Solar System.

Answer

The Sun is at the center of the universe

Question 54

The inner planets and the outer planets are separated by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

An asteroid belt

Answer

A star

Answer

A middle planet

Answer

Nothing

Question 55

What is a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

a statement that can be tested through a scientific investigation

Answer

a question that cannot be scientifically tested

Answer

a description of the steps involved in an experiment

Answer

a statement that summarizes the results of an experiment

Question 56

Scientific inquiry includes many different activities. Which of the following is a process that is typically performed during a scientific inquiry?

Accepted Answer

all of these

Answer

constructing investigations

Answer

collecting data

Answer

formulating questions

Question 57

Tera performed multiple experiments to determine the best growing conditions for Azaleas. In one experiment, she tested the effect of using different types of soil. In another experiment, she tested the effect of exposing the plants to varying amounts of light. And, in another experiment, she tested the use of different amounts of fertilizer. Once she completed her experiments, Tera recorded all of her observations before making a conclusion.

This scenario suggests that

Accepted Answer

scientific explanations are based on evidence, or data.

Answer

scientific evidence includes observations, data, and personal opinions.

Answer

scientific hypotheses should be made after reaching a conclusion.

Answer

scientific questions are often solved by performing a single experiment.

Question 58

Models can be used to obtain information about scientific processes and objects that may be difficult to study in real life. Which of the following scientific processes or objects would best be studied by using a model?

Accepted Answer

the formation of a solar system

Answer

the effects of an antibiotic on a disease-causing bacterium

Answer

the chemical composition of a protein

Answer

the growth pattern of a pea plant

Question 59

The following chart presents twelve sets of measurements of the pressure vs temperature for Abilene, TX, taken over a period of four days.

Which of the following is a scientific question that this data can answer?

Accepted Answer

Does pressure increase when the temperature rises?

Answer

Is the weather nice in Abilene, TX?

Answer

Why does pressure change?

Answer

What was the highest temperature in Abilene over the four days shown?

Question 60

What is wrong with the steps of Corey's experiment?

Accepted Answer

He didn't measure the weight of the log before it was burned.

Answer

He didn't set a time limit on how long he was going to let the log burn.

Answer

The log was going to completely burn; therefore, there wouldn't be any ashes left to measure.

Answer

He didn't have a partner there in order to verify the results.

Question 61

Nick is conducting a controlled experiment to test whether music helps daisies grow faster. Below are the steps to Nick's experiment:

Which group is the control group in Nick's experiment?

Accepted Answer

flowerpot 2

Answer

flowerpot 1

Answer

the green room

Answer

the music

Question 62

Nick is conducting a controlled experiment to test whether music helps daisies grow faster. Below are the steps to Nick's experiment:

Which group is the experimental group in Nick's experiment?

Accepted Answer

flowerpot 1

Answer

flowerpot 2

Answer

the green room

Answer

the food and water

Question 63

Your teacher has asked you to perform an experiment to see if the shape of objects, alone, affects the motion of objects. Which of the following would be the best experiment to perform?

Accepted Answer

Apply the same amount of force to a ball, cylinder, cube, and pyramid, each of the same mass.

Answer

Apply the same amount of force to balls of different masses.

Answer

Apply different amounts of force to the same ball.

Answer

Apply the same amount of force to a ball, cylinder, cube, and pyramid, each of a different mass.

Question 64

Shakita wants to know if the pH of an open can of soda changes over time. To test this, she designs an experiment that will involve the following steps.