Topic 4: The Skeleton and Joints

The bones of pectoral girdle includes

• sternum

• humerus

• scapula

• clavicle

A. The flattened lateral portion of spine that join the clavicle

B. Shallow concavity that articulates with the head of the humerus

• B. Coracoid process

• B. Glenoid cavity

• A. Humerus

• A. Acromion

When the lateral end of clavicle articulates with the acromion of the scapula, it forms _____________

• sternoclavicular joint

• sternum

• glenoid cavity

• acromioclavicular joint

Humerus

• distally articulates with the glenoid cavity

• the only bone in the arm

• the head of the humerus has three projections

• distally articulate with the radius and ulna

The hand is composed of

• palm, which has 5 carpal bones

• wrist, which has 8 carpal bones

• All fingers are composed of 3 phalanges

  (proximal, middle and distal)

• palm, which has 5 metacarpal bones

Which pelvis is more larger, heavier and more narrow?

• Female

• Male

The tibia

• Proximal end articulates with the talus of the ankle and the fibula

• Located medially

• the largest bone in the lower leg

• Distal end articulate with the femur

Syndesmosis

• is a type of fibrous joints

• freely movable joint

• the connecting fibers holding bone together are short

• bones are held together by ligament or interosseous membrane

Cartilaginous joints

• Gomphosis and suture are the subtype of this type of joint.

• Sychondrosis and symphysis are the subtype of this type of joint.

• The bones are united by cartilage

• No joint cavity

Synovial fluid

• Reduce friction by lubricating the joint

• Released by synovial membrane

• Absorbs shock

• Located in outer fibrous capsule