Introduction to Hydraulic Structure

The followings are the types of hydraulic structures EXCEPT:

• Dam

• Spillway

• Weir

• River

Define 'dam'.

• A barrier that impounds water or underground streams.

• A barrier across a river designed to alter its flow characteristics.

• A structure used to provide the controlled release of flows from a dam or levee into a downstream area.

• Transfer excess water from behind the dam down a smooth decline into the river below.

Give FOUR classification of dam.

• Structure, Height, Intended Purpose, and Material

• Arch dam, Gravity dam, Arch-gravity dam and Barrage

What is Barrage?

• A large artificial dam.

• A dam with the characteristics of both an arch dam and a gravity dam.

• A dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water using the weight of the material alone to resist the horizontal pressure of water pushing against it.

• A low-head, diversion dam consists of a number of large gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water passing through.

The dam that has height more than 150 m is consider as:

• Major dam

• Large dam

• Height dam

• Tall dam

Saddle Dam are used to:

• Designed for raising the water level of rivers or for creating a reservoir.

• Reduce erosion and gullying in the channel.

• Protect adjacent land from flooding.

Spillways release floods so that the water does not overtop and damage or even destroy the dam.

• True

• False

Describe the 'Uncontrolled spillway',

• It have gates, allowing for humans to open or shut these gates.

• Its gate can be manage the release water.

• This spillway can be viewed as 'fill and spill', it have emergency uncontrolled spillway to help safety spill extreme amounts of water.

This spillway transfer excess water from behind the dam down a smooth decline into the river below.

• Stepped spillway

• Chute spillway

• Siphon spillway

• Bell-mouth spillway

The followings are the purposes of Weir, EXCEPT:

• Prevent flooding.

• Measure discharge.

• Help render rivers navigable.

• Designed for raising the water level of rivers or for creating a reservoir.