What is the correct name of the macromolecule in the diagram below and what is its correct function?

Nucleic acid/ Contains genetic information

Nucleic acid/ Storage of energy

Lee and Marisol are conducting a science experiment to identify different kinds of macromolecules in food. They prepare the following table to help them remember the chemical reactions that indicate the presence of each type of macromolecule they are studying. Suppose that one of the substances they are testing turns bright red when they add a few drops of Sudan stain. What is the basic molecular structure of the substance?

Glycerol combined with long chains of fatty acids

String of amino acids held together with peptide bonds

Short carbon chain or ring in which the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is 1 : 2 : 1

Polymer made up of many monosaccharides

Which of the following categories of organic molecules is correctly paired with one of its functions?

Proteins- provide structure in skin, hair and nails

Lipids- give quick energy to cells

Nucleic acid- digest dead cells

Carbohydrates- store genetic information

What is the difference between lipids and carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are quickly broken down to be used as energy, while lipids take longer to be broken down to be used for energy

Carbohydrates are long term energy and lipids are short term energy

Lipids make proteins and carbohydrates make DNA & RNA

Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and lipids are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Enzymes are capable of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction within a living cell. Enzymes accomplish this through which of the following means?

Reducing the number of products

Increasing the temperature of the cell

Increasing the concentration of reactants

Which of these is NOT true?

Enzymes can only be used once in a chemical reaction.

Enzymes can denature (change shape) when the temperature gets too high.

Even the slightest change in pH can denature enzymes.

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.

What happens to an enzyme once it has helped a reaction take place?

It can be reused or recycled for another reaction with the same reactants.

It can be stored in the cell until it is needed again.

It can be used to help different reactants go through a reaction.

Compare the two pathways, which pathway shows the reaction that has taken place with the help of an enzyme?

You cannot tell from these graphs.

Both reactions involved an enzyme.

As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloride acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?

It denatures and becomes inactive.

It's shape changes to engulf large proteins.

It's activity increases to digest more proteins.

What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction?

The reaction rate will increase.

The equilibrium of the reaction will be maintained.

The reaction rate will decrease.

The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements?

Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.

The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia.

The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action.

There is no connection between the two statements.

Fireflies emit light. The production of light by an organism is called bioluminescence. To generate visible light, cells in a firefly’s tail produce thousands of luciferase enzymes. Luciferase binds to a chemical called luciferin. Once bound, the luciferase enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction that combines an oxygen molecule and luciferin to produce oxyluciferin. This reaction requires energy and releases light. Which of the following best describes how the luciferase enzyme speeds up the chemical reaction?

Luciferase decreases the amount of energy required for the reaction to start.

Luciferase increases the amount of time the light is visible.

Luciferase increases the number of sites on luciferin that must bind to oxygen.

Luciferase decreases the temperature of the environment inside the body of the firefly.

The graphs show the reaction rate for an enzyme across a range of temperatures and pH. Based on these data, this enzyme functions best as what temperature and pH?

Temperature of 37oC and a pH of 6

Temperature of 27oC and a pH of 4

Temperature of 40oC and a pH of 8

Temperature of 50oC and a pH of 10

People who have Alzheimer’s disease experience an increasing loss of brain function and cognition over time. Alzheimer’s is characterized by a buildup of abnormal protein fragments that damage brain cells. Recently scientists have discovered an enzyme, BACE2, that decreases these abnormal protein fragments in the brain of a person with Alzheimer’s disease. Which statement explains how BACE2 most likely works?

BACE2 speeds up the reaction that breaks down the abnormal protein fragments.

BACE2 breaks down into smaller pieces that react with the abnormal protein fragments, forming more complex molecules.

BACE2 molecules link several abnormal protein fragments together, forming a complete protein.

BACE2 is a reactant that combines with the abnormal protein fragments.

VCS Biology _ Unit 1_ Macromolecules & Enzymes

Authored by Susan Zona

Biology

9th - 12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 175+ times

VCS Biology _ Unit 1_ Macromolecules & Enzymes

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

5 mins • 1 pt

The element _______is found in all of the organic compounds.

Iron

Nitrogen

Carbon

Oxygen

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

5 mins • 1 pt

Proteins are made of monomers called ___________

Nucleotides

Monosaccharides

Amino Acids

Glycerol and fatty acids

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

5 mins • 1 pt

Which macromolecule is shown?

Lipid

Protein

Nucleic acid

Carbohydrate

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

5 mins • 1 pt

Nucleotides are monomers of ---, while saccharides (monosaccharides) are monomers of ---.

Carbohydrates ; Nucleic Acids

Lipids ; Carbs

Proteins ; Enzymes

Nucleic Acids ; Carbohydrates

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

5 mins • 1 pt

Waxes, oils and fats are examples of --- and --- are its monomers.

Carbohydrates ; Saccharides

Lipids ; Glycerol & Fatty acids

Proteins ; Nucleic acids

Nucleic Acids ; DNA

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

5 mins • 1 pt

Which macromolecule is shown?

Lipid

Protein

Nucleic acid

Carbohydrate

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

5 mins • 1 pt

Which macromolecule is shown?

Lipid

Protein

Nucleic acid

Carbohydrate

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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VCS Biology _ Unit 1_ Macromolecules & Enzymes

The element _______is found in all of the organic compounds.

Proteins are made of monomers called ___________

Which macromolecule is shown?

Nucleotides are monomers of ---, while saccharides (monosaccharides) are monomers of ---.

Waxes, oils and fats are examples of --- and --- are its monomers.

Which macromolecule is shown?

Which macromolecule is shown?

Which macromolecule is shown?

Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of short term energy for living things?

Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane?

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