AP Bio Unit 4 Review

A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a

• ligand
• second messenger
• protein kinase
• receptor protein

Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?

• cAMP
• G Protein
• protein kinase
• protein phosphatase

What do second messengers do?

• transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
• relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
• relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
• dampen the message

Signal amplification is most often achieved by

• an enzyme cascade
• binding of multiple signals
• branching pathways
• action of adenylyl cyclase

What does a protein kinase do?

• removes phosphates
• transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
• activates an enzyme

What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?

• phosphorylation cascade
• cAMP
• signal receptors
• phosphatase

Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?

• hormone
• local regulator
• endocrine cell

Hormones are used in ____ signaling.

• endocrine
• juxtacrine
• autocrine
• paracrine

The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are

• reception, transduction, response
• response, transduction, reception
• reception, response, transduction
• transduction, reception, response

Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:  
 I.  Response  
II.  Amplification  
 III.  Reception  
IV.  Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?

• I, II, III, IV
• III, I, IV, II
• II, IV, I, III
• III, IV, II, I