Absolutism/Enlightenment

In order to protect liberty, Montesquieu proposed that

• people entrust their rights to a strong monarch

• governments be divided into separate branches

• property be distributed equally among all people

• the press should have complete freedom

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. . ." - the U.S. Declaration of Independence Which Enlightenment thinker MOST directly influenced the notion expressed in this passage?

• Thomas Hobbes

• Jacques Bossuet

• John Locke

• Baron de Montesquieu

In which of the following ways did the philosophy of John Locke inspire the founders of the United States?

• The founders agreed that a ruler should not have power over them without their consent and that the people had the right to remove the ruler from power if their rights were infringed upon

• The founders agreed that their government should be based on the needs of the state, rather than the needs of the people

• The founders took Locke's idea of a limited government, in which the absolute monarch kept order within the country

• The founders agreed that the government's power should be separated into three different branches and a system of checks and balances needed to be in place in order to keep each branch in-line.

The Magna Carta, the Petition of Right, and the English Bill of Rights led the English government to develop a political system in which

• rulers were responsible to the people

• religious authorities controlled the lawmaking process

• the power of the monarch came from God

• the individual was denied a trial by jury

People in a society give up some of their rights in exchange for protection.

• Social Contract
• Enlightenment
• State of Nature
• Revolution

Voltaire stated, "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it" demonstrates his belief in which right?

• Freedom of Speech
• Freedom of Religion
• The right to peaceably assemble
• Private ownership of guns

This thinker believed that humanity was inherently evil.  Laws and governments are needed to protect people from each other. 

• Hobbes
• Montesquieu
• Roussoue
• Voltaire

This enlightenment thinker, from England, was a strong advocate for women's rights.

• Locke
• Voltaire
• Hobbes
• Wollstonecraft

Enlightenment thinkers questioned the idea of a "divine right to rule" which threatened the power of kings.  What does "divine right to rule" mean?

• Kings was handed down to kings at birth by God.
• Kings were crowned by the Pope thus giving them the right to rule.
• The power of kings was decreasing since the Magna Carta.
• The power given to citizens as part of a democracy.

Social gatherings where “Enlightenment” ideas were informally discussed and spread...

• debates

• clubs

• coffee shops

• salons