Logical Fallacies

Ad Hominem

• provokes emotion either positive or negative, it goes  beyond the literal meaning and can contribute to persuading others to adopt a certain point of view.

• When you talk badly about someone instead of addressing their argument.

• Comparing two things that really aren’t the same.

• Misrepresenting the original argument and then arguing against the misrepresentation.

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RI.7.1

CCSS.RL.8.1

False Analogy

• When you bring up another issue so you can avoid the real issue at hand.

• Assuming that because two things happened, one caused the other.

• When you talk badly about someone instead of addressing their argument.

• Comparing two things that really aren’t the same.

Tags

CCSS.L.6.5B

CCSS.L.8.5B

CCSS.W.11-12.2D

Straw Man

• Misrepresenting the original argument and then arguing against the misrepresentation.

• (Latin: circulus in probando, "circle in proving"; also known as circular logic) is a logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with.

• Assuming that because two things happened, one caused the other.

• When you bring up another issue so you can avoid the real issue at hand.

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RI.7.1

CCSS.RL.7.1

Circular Reasoning

• An argument is constructed in which a simplistic general rule is assumed to be more widely true, therefore an exception is ignored.

• Assuming that because two things happened, one caused the other.

• Loaded language provokes emotion either positive or negative, it goes  beyond the literal meaning and can contribute to persuading others to adopt a certain point of view.

• (Latin: circulus in probando, "circle in proving"; also known as circular logic) is a logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with.

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.6.8

Loaded Language

• provokes emotion either positive or negative, it goes  beyond the literal meaning and can contribute to persuading others to adopt a certain point of view.

• An argument is constructed in which a simplistic general rule is assumed to be more widely true, therefore an exception is ignored.

• a fallacy based on the assumption that the opinion of the majority is always valid: that is, everyone believes it, so you should too.

• When you bring up another issue so you can avoid the real issue at hand.

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

Slippery Slope

• Making it seem that one side of the argument opens the door to a slide toward a worse possible scenario.

• Assuming that because two things happened, one caused the other.

• (Latin: circulus in probando, "circle in proving"; also known as circular logic) is a logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with.

• Misrepresenting the original argument and then arguing against the misrepresentation.

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RI.8.1

CCSS.RL.7.1

CCSS.RL.8.1

Correlation, No Causation

• When you talk badly about someone instead of addressing their argument.

• (Latin: circulus in probando, "circle in proving"; also known as circular logic) is a logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with.

• provokes emotion either positive or negative, it goes  beyond the literal meaning and can contribute to persuading others to adopt a certain point of view.

• Assuming that because two things happened, one caused the other.

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.6.8

Red Herring

• a fallacy based on the assumption that the opinion of the majority is always valid: that is, everyone believes it, so you should too.

• Making it seem that one side of the argument opens the door to a slide toward a worse possible scenario.

• When you bring up another issue so you can avoid the real issue at hand.

• Assuming that because two things happened, one caused the other.

Tags

CCSS.L.7.6

CCSS.L.8.6

CCSS.W.7.2D

CCSS.W.8.2D

CCSS.W.6.2D

Bandwagon

• Misrepresenting the original argument and then arguing against the misrepresentation

• Making it seem that one side of the argument opens the door to a slide toward a worse possible scenario.

• When you bring up another issue so you can avoid the real issue at hand.

•  a fallacy based on the assumption that the opinion of the majority is always valid: that is, everyone believes it, so you should too.

Tags

CCSS.RI.7.8

CCSS.RI.8.8

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

Sweeping Generalization

• Comparing two things that really aren’t the same.

• When you bring up another issue so you can avoid the real issue at hand.

• An argument is constructed in which a simplistic general rule is assumed to be more widely true, therefore an exception is ignored.

•  a fallacy based on the assumption that the opinion of the majority is always valid: that is, everyone believes it, so you should too.

Tags

CCSS.L.7.6

CCSS.L.8.6

CCSS.W.7.2D

CCSS.W.8.2D

CCSS.L.6.6