Global History Midterm Review Part 2

The decline of the Aztec and the Inca was the result of conquests by which two Spaniards, respectively?

• Cortez and Pizarro

• Magellan and de Gama

• Columbus and Bolivar

• Quechua and Malinche

Which response best defines the Columbian Exchange?

• The trading opportunities made possible by the routes connecting Afro-Eurasia to the Americas

• The economic system that shaped businesses such as the Dutch East India Company and the many others that followed

• The creation of several major empires after the collapse of the Mongol state due to the Black Death

What valuable product did Europeans obtain in the Americas, then trade in Asia for luxury items that were brought to Europe?

• Horses

• Silk

• Potatoes

• Silver

Which of these claims about the Columbian Exchange is most relevant to the networks frame? Choose the best answer.

• The seeds of capitalism and global finance were planted during this era’s newly global system of overland and overseas trade.

• Different belief systems and religions merged and created new systems of belief and social hierarchies in some regions.

• The emergence of a plantation economy led to an increased focus on cash crops.

• The Columbian Exchange introduced new crops to different continents as they were transported to and from the Americas due to newly connected routes.

Prior to the Columbian Exchange, what was predominantly used for long-distance transportation by indigenous Americans?

• boats

• horses

• buffalo

• their feet

How did sugar plantations negatively affect indigenous populations in America?

• They increased overpopulation.

• They increased biodiversity.

• They introduced new diseases and displaced indigenous people.

• They increased the number of indigenous Americans who migrated to avoid being enslaved.

What were some of the environmental benefits of the epidemics in the Americas post-European migration?

• Animal habitat conservation and overcrowding

• Soil degradation and less biodiversity

• Cleaner water and productive farmland

• Growing forests and repopulation of hunted animals

Which groups of crops are examples of cash crops?

• Sweet potatoes, cassava, and tomatoes

• Coffee, barley, and rye

• Wheat, potatoes, and maize

• Sugar, tobacco, and cotton

What crop did Europeans “discover” in the Americas that became both popular and destructive in Afro-Eurasia?

• Sugar

• Tobacco

• Potatoes

• Cacoa

What appeal did the Americas have for Spanish aristocrats?

• Labor source for plantation work

• Agricultural profits and the promise of gold

• Land to set up factories and produce manufactured goods

• New trade partners and profitable silver mines