Layers of Defense & Vaccinations

The first layer of defense against infection is the

(a)  

The second layer of defense includes (choose ALL that apply)

• mucus

• hair and nails

• inflammation

• masks

• fever

A natural disease-causing agent is also known as a

(a)  

Cell markers are more formally known as

(a)  

Certain WBCs (specifically, B-cells) respond to infection by

• consuming pathogens

• eating invaders

• making specific antibodies

• making more WBCs

Which of the following are long-term effects of getting a vaccine or surviving an infectious disease?

• remaining antibodies

• memory WBCs

• persisting high WBC count

• excessive platelet formation

One disease that has been eradicated due to successful use of vaccines is

(a)  

In humans, inoculation is most commonly given by

• inhalation

• immersion

• oral route / "per orem"

• injection

A once-common infectious disease that can paralyze limbs and the respiratory system is

(a)  

Some people cannot be vaccinated due to medical reasons. These people may be better protected if a high percentage of others ARE vaccinated. This is a concept known as

(a)