FINALS review - ULTIMATE

Valence electrons?

• the electrons in the outer shell

• the electrons that can be lost due to ionization

• the electrons in the highest principle energy level

• all of these

Electron shielding?

• inner electrons shield valence electrons from feeling positive nuclear charge

• valence electrons shield inner electrons from feeling positive nuclear charge

• inner electrons shield valence electrons from feeling negative nuclear charge

• valence electrons shield inner electrons from feeling negative nuclear charge

Effective nuclear charge?

• number of protons

• number of protons + inner electrons

• number of protons - inner electrons

• number of protons - valence electrons

• number of protons + valence electrons

Got your periodic table ready?

• Got it.

• Unnecessary.

Atomic radius: trend DOWN group

• increases

• decreases

Atomic radius: trend DOWN group: REASON

• more protons

• more shells

• more electron shielding

• more effective nuclear charge

• more protons and more effective nuclear charge

Atomic radius: trend ACROSS period

• increases

• decreases

Atomic radius: trend ACROSS period: REASON

• more protons

• more shells

• more electron shielding

• more effective nuclear charge

• more protons and more effective nuclear charge

Ionization energy?

• energy needed to add an electron

• energy needed to remove an electron

• energy needed to transfer an electron

Ionization energy : trend DOWN group

• increases

• decreases