Unit 4

Which invention by Johann Gutenberg made it easier to publish books?

• paper manufacturing

• woodblock printing

• printing press

• illuminated letters

The "humanism" of the Renaissance was inspired MAINLY by a new interest in

• ancient Egypt

• the art and writing of Asia

• the Christian bible

• Classic Greek and Roman

What country was Martin Luther from?

• England

• Germany

• France

• America

How did Pope Leo III enhance the power and authority of Charlemagne?

• He ordained Charlemagne a member of the clergy

• He provided sanctuary for Charlemagne to protect him from his rivals

• He crowned Charlemagne the emperor of the Rome.

• He offered financial support for Charlemagne and his military campaigns.

How did the bubonic plague affect the medieval European social system?

• The plague contributed to the decline of feudalism due to the high death rate among peasants

• Wealthy landowners suffered the most from the plague due to their more frequent travels abroad.

• Many lords constructed hospitals on their manors to treat the peasants who had contracted the disease.

• Manors expanded in size due to the increased number of peasants fleeing from outbreaks in cities.

What were indulgences?

• Gold coins

• Pretzels from a fundraiser

• A document that absolved people of their sins

• Sweet Candy

What was the result of the First Crusade?

• The Byzantine Empire consolidated its control of the region surrounding Jerusalem. B Jerusalem was destroyed whe

• Jerusalem was destroyed when the city caught on fire during a siege by Christian armies.

• Europeans conquered Jerusalem and divided the surrounding region into several kingdoms

• Muslim armies successfully fought off Christian armies and retained control of Jerusalem

What effect did the Crusades have on European trade?

• Crusaders became major exporters of European made goods.

• Crusaders constructed elaborate road systems that facilitated trade.

• Crusaders often robbed merchants they encountered on their journeys, causing trade to decline.

• Crusaders brought back goods such as spices and fabrics, increasing demand for exotic good

How did Renaissance humanists differ from traditional medieval philosophers?

• They rejected the feudal social structure.

• They rejected ancient Greek and Roman culture.

• They focused primarily on the spiritual nature of life.

• They focused primarily on the importance of the individual.

Why was Martin Luther's view of salvation a challenge to the Catholic Church?

• He believed that to achieve salvation, one must completely reject church doctrine

• He believed salvation to be unattainable, regardless of one's dedication to the church.

• He believed the only way that people could achieve salvation was through acts of charity.

• He believed salvation could only be achieved through faith and could not be granted by the church.