Absolutism thru Revolutions Review

Who defeated the Byzantine Empire in 1453, sacking the city of Constantinople?

• The Mughal Empire

• The Safavid Caliphate

• The Holy Roman Empire

• The Ottoman Turks

What best describes the religious policy of the Ottoman rulers?

• ruthless suppression of non-Islamic faiths.

• relative tolerance of religious minorities.

• gradual conversion from Islam to Christianity.

• expulsion of Muslim minorities.

What was the greatest military triumph of the Ottoman Empire during the 1400s?

• the invasion of Albania

• the capture of Constantinople

• the siege of Vienna

• the annexation of Moldavia

Who were the Janisseries?

• elite gunpowder troops recruited from Christian

  communities.

• mercenary crossbowmen from East Asia.

• artillery specialists.

• skilled naval commaders.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Ottoman and Safavid Empires?

• Both empires existed peacefully.

• Both empires engaged with maritime trade with the Americas.

• The Ottomans favored Sunni Islam and the Safavids favored Shia Islam, which resulted in violence between the two empires.

• Both empires were tributary states of the

  Russian Empire.

The Janissaries of the Ottoman Empire were the first standing military units trained to use

• cavalry tactics.

• guerilla tactics.

• steel weapons.

• gunpowder weapons.

Which empire was NOT one of the “gunpowder empires"?

• the Mughal Empire

• the Ottoman Empire

• the Safavid Empire

• the Songhai Empire

Which empire was the first to make effective use of gunpowder artillery?

• the Mughal Empire

• the Ottoman Empire

• the Safavid Empire

• the Songhai Empire

What did these rulers have in common?

• All strictly enforced Islamic law and expelled all non-Muslims.

• All practiced religious tolerance and strongly supported the arts.

• All imposed harsh taxes on their populations to finance military conquests.

• All sought to eliminate traditional class structure to allow for social mobility.

The 18th century movement in which thinkers like Thomas Hobbes, Baron de Montesquieu, and Voltaire attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to society is known as:

• The Renaissance

• The French Revolution

• The Enlightenment

• The Dark Ages