Learning/Conditioning

What is a primary reinforcer?

• a conditioned reinforcer

• a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with another reinforcer

• an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need

• a reinforcer that appeals only to young children

What is spontaneous recovery?

• in classical conditioning a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

• in classical conditioning the initial stage of when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

• the tendency once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

• the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable times

• fixed interval

• variable interval

• fixed ratio

• variable ratio

In operant conditioning, a stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement

• conditioned stimulus

• unconditioned stimulus

• discriminative stimulus

• shaping

The perception that you control your own fate

• extrinsic motivation

• intrinsic motivation

• external locus of control

• internal locus of control

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

• insight

• latent learning

• coping

• learned helplessness

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

• classical conditioning

• operant conditioning

• social learning

• latent learning

Reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement

• secondary reinforcement

• conditioned reinforcement

• primary reinforcement

• intermittent reinforcement

He did research on taste aversion in rats that disproved the idea that the unconditioned stimulus must ALWAYS immediately follow the neutral (soon to be conditioned) stimulus

• Edward Tolman

• Robert Rescorla

• John Garcia

• Albert Bandura

His experiments proved that cognition is actually part of the conditioning process (sorry Skinner). He proved that animals can learn the predictability of an event (How likely is the unconditioned stimulus to follow the neutral stimulus?)

• Robert Rescorla

• John Garcia

• Edward Tolman

• John B. Watson