Cell Communication AP Biology

How are steroid and protein hormones different?

• steroid hormones are hydrophobic while protein hormones are hydrophilic

• steroid hormones are hydrophilic while protein hormones are hydrophobic

• steroid hormones are small and uncharged while protein hormones are large and charged

• steroid hormones are large and charged while protein hormones are small and uncharged

How are ligands cell-specific?

• Each cell has a different response to the ligand.

• Each cell has different receptors to bind to the ligand.

• Each cell has different relay molecules based on the ligand.

• Each cell has different processes for endocytosis.

Where would you find a receptor for a steroid hormone?

• in the cytoplasm because steroids are polar

• In the cytoplasm because steroids are nonpolar

• on the membrane because steroids are polar

• on the membrane because steroids are nonpolar

Which of the following is a secondary messenger?

• cAMP

• ATP

• Protein Kinase

• Ligand

Describe the phosphorylation casccade.

• Protein phosphatase adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate.

• Protein kinase adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate.

• ATP adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate.

• Mitochondria adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate.

Where does the ligand bind to initiate signal transduction?

• glycolipids

• nucleus

• phosphorylation cascade

• receptor

More than one ligand can bind to the same receptor.

• True

• False

Which of the following is the order of steps for a signal transduction pathway?

• Transduction --> Response

• Reception --> Initiation --> Transduction --> Response

• Reception --> Transduction --> Response

• Transduction --> Reception --> Response

Which of the following is a potential response for the cell?

• conformational change of receptor

• Transcription factor

• Phosphorylation cascade

• Release of Calcium ions from Smooth ER