Neph Exam 3 - Heeter - CKD

What is defined as the progressive loss of renal function occuring over the course of several months to years

• chronic kidney disease
• progressive kidney disease
• chronic renal insufficiency
• kidney failure

CKD is categorized from stages 1 - 5. Which stage indicates the most advanced disease

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Which risk factor category for CKD is not proven to directly cause kidney damage but is useful for identifying patients at high risk for CKD

• susceptibility factors
• initiation factors
• progression factors

Which risk factor category for CKD directly results in kidney disease and is modifiable by pharmacologic therapy

• susceptibility factors
• initiation factors
• progression factors

Which risk factor category for CKD is associated with further kidney damage (progression of CKD and decline in renal function)

• susceptibility factors
• initiation factors
• progression factors

What are susceptibility risk factors of CKD

• advanced age, low birth weight, reduced kidney mass
• racial/ethnic minority, FHx
• low income, low education
• systemic inflammation, dyslipidemia
• smoking, obesity

What are initiation risk factors of CKD

• diabetes, HTN
• glomerulonephritis
• drug toxicity
• UTI, urinary stones
• hyperglycemia

What are progression risk factors of CKD

• hyperglycemia
• uncontrolled HTN
• proteinuria
• smoking,obesity
• drug toxicity

What causes the loss of nephrons in the kidney

• exposure to susceptibility factors
• exposure to initiation factors
• exposure to progression factors

What is happening when there is hypertrophy of remaining nephrons

• compensation
• proteinuria
• progressive loss of nephrons