Neph Exam 3 - Heeter - RRT

When should a patient with CKD be started on dialysis

• as soon as the patient's GFR is <15 mL/min
• asymptomatic patients
• symptomatic patients with a GFR <15 mL/min

According to KDOQI, patients should start preparing for dialysis when

• as soon as the patient's GFR is <15 mL/min
• when they start having symptoms
• stage 3
• stage 4
• stage 5

What does it mean when a patient needs to start preparing for dialysis

• blood draws will only occur in one arm to preserve access
• AV fistula needs to be created a year before dialysis (ideally)
• blood draws will occur from a different part of the body than the arms
• blood draws are not to occur to preserve access
• AV fistula needs to be prepared right before dialysis

What are different types of hemodialysis

• intermittent
• continuous (CRRT)
• peritoneal dialysis
• permanent

Why is the Arteriovenous (AV) fistula preferred for hemodialysis

• natural, longrst survival
• lowest incidence of infection and thrombosis
• lowest cost
• takes at least 1-2 months to mature<br />
• can be used immediately

What are some characteristics of an arteriovenous (AV) graft that some patients need for hemodialysis

• synthetic, more expensive
• often used with patients with vascular disease
• requires 2-3 weeks to mature
• high rate of infection and thrombosis
• takes at least 1-2 months to mature<br />

What are some characteristics of a catheter for hemodialysis

• may be used immediately after placement
• used if permanent access is not available
• high rate of infection and thrombosis
• highly utilized even with increased morbidity and morality
• takes 2-3 weeks to mature<br />

What are the different types of dialysis membranes

• conventional
• high efficiency
• high flux
• low efficiency
• low flux

What are characteristics of conventional dialysis membranes

• small pores
• limit clearance to relatively small molecules (urea, creatinine, water, electrolytes)
• larger surface area
• more efficient at removing waste
• large pores

What are characteristics of high efficiency dialysis membranes

• small pores
• limit clearance to relatively small molecules (urea, creatinine, water, electrolytes)
• larger surface area
• more efficient at removing waste
• large pores