3.3 Medieval Society and Politics

After the Hundred Years’ War feudalism declined and a new age in warfare began as a result of

• the use of cannons against castles

• the large French and English armies

• the development of the longbow

• the code of chivalry follow by knights

This map of medieval France emphasizes how

• France and England were frequently at war

• France was a much larger country than it is today

• the Catholic Church was a major power in France

• the kings of France only gradually won control over their kingdom

Merchants and artisans gave strength to nation-states because they

• were given freedom from taxes

• did not require military protection

• helped kings increase their wealth and power

• had to speak several languages in order to conduct trade

In the 500s CE, the Holy Land was controlled by the

• Byzantine Empire

• kingdom of England

• kingdom of France

• Roman Empire

Which people agreed to use a part of the lord’s land and promised to be loyal and fight for their lord?

• fiefs

• vassals

• peasants

• clergy

Aragon and Castile were the names of

• a king and queen of Spain

• two Spanish kingdoms that became united

• two Spanish provinces captured from the Muslims

• the part of Spain ruled by Muslims and the part ruled by Christians

A medieval manor was

• a self-sufficient community

• a large house fortified for protection

• a territory controlled by a powerful lord

• an agricultural village controlled by a nearby town

In which country was the most powerful ruler called the tsar?

• Spain

• France

• Russia

• England

The growing economy of Europe during the high Middle Ages led to

• an increase in the wealth of kings

• an increase in the size of fiefs

• less freedom for serfs

• less food for increasing populations

William of Normandy, who became king of England in 1066, was known as

• William the Great

• William the Lawgiver

• William the Confessor

• William the Conqueror