Innate Immune System Mini-review

Which are considered the FIRST line of defense?

• lymphocytes

• Skin

• Hair

• Mucous Membranes

• microflora

Which substance is produced by virus-infected cells to prevent neighbouring cells from virus infection?

• Interleukin

• Interferon

• Histamine

• Complement Protein

Fever is one physiological response that our body needs to inhibit pathogens. What is the brain part affected by pyrogens to stimulate fever?

• Cerebrum

• Cerebellum

• Pituitary Gland

• Hypothalamus

Which are considered pathogens?

• Bacteria

• Viruses

• Fungi

• All of the above

Which type of cells cause inflammation?

• phagocytes

• Mast Cells

• T Cells

• mucous cells

Which cells engulf/eat the pathogens?

• Macrophages

• B Cells

• Mast cells

• Plasma Cells

• neutrophils

Answer explanation

Neutrophils & macrophages do most of the cell eating (phagocytosis).

Which of the following is NOT part of the first line of defense?

• skin

• WBCs

  leukocytes

• sweat

• lysozyme

Answer explanation

Skin, mucous membranes and all of the secretions are like the castle walls and moat around your body/castle. Once the walls have been breached, then is time for the 2nd line of defense.

What process coats the antigen with antibody to make it more likely to be phagocytosed?

• opsonization

• blanketing

• immunization

• framing

Answer explanation

Complement proteins and antibodies are opsonins. Phagocytic cells have receptors on their surface for these opsonins. Helps them to attach and eat!

Which of the following are cardinal signs of inflammation?

• swelling

• atrophy

• heat

• redness

• pain

Answer explanation

Inflammation is the body's first response to injury and infection. It alerts the immune system, draws WBCs to the area to remove pathogens & cell debris. It also sets the stage for repair.

A molecule that induces an immune response?

• antibody

• receptor

• antigen

• sebum

Answer explanation

Molecules that are foreign to the immune system stimulate an immune response. Big and complex molecules like proteins make the best antigens and stimulate the greatest immune response.