Childhood Development

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called

• assimilation

• accomodation

• attachment

• temperament

• schema

Three-year-old Bert, who lives in Alaska where moose roam freely, has learned the

schema for moose. When his family visits his cousin Michael on a horse farm, Bert

modifies his schema for large, shaggy animals to include horses. This is called

• habituation

• accomodation

• assimiliation

• maturation

• conservation

The awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived is known as

• attachment

• conservation

• assimilation

• object permanence

• habituation

If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to

• deal with the discipline of toilet training

• see things from the point of view of another person

• recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its

  shape

• retain earlier schemas when confronted by new experiences

• think about moral situations in abstract, hypothetical ways

Four-year-old Jennifer mistakenly believes that her mother would like to receive a toy doll as a Christmas present. This best illustrates Piaget's concept of

• accommodation.

• attachment.

• object permanence.

• conservation.

• egocentrism.

A cross-sectional study is one in which

• the same people are retested over a period of years.

• different age groups are tested at the same time.

• different characteristics of a given individual are assessed at the same time.

• the behavior of a group is assessed by different researchers.

• variables are manipulated carefully between groups.

According to Piaget, during the formal operational stage people begin to

• reason abstractly.

• adhere to social norms.

• distinguish between good and bad behaviors.

• become aware of the positive and negative consequences of their own behaviors.

• understand mathematical operations involving sets.

Whose stage theory of moral development was based on how people reasoned about ethical dilemmas?

• Erikson

• Piaget

• Levinson

• Kohlberg

• Kübler-Ross

Children's ability to infer other people's intentions and feelings is indicative of their

emerging

• theory of mind.

• conservation.

• conventional morality.

• object permanence.

• social identity.

Parents who make few demands on their children and use little punishment are

• authoritarian.

• authoritative.

• egocentric.

• permissive.

• conventional.