Mechanisms of Genetics

A mutation that occurs in the gametes of an organism will most likely be transferred to which of the following?

• The siblings of the organism

• The offspring of the organism

• The other organisms living nearby

• The mating partner of the organism

What is the purpose of this process?

• To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division

• To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template

• To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code

• To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

What characteristic is shared by all four cells?

• A mechanism for transforming sunlight into energy

• Self-locomotion

• Membrane-bound organelles that transport substances

• Genetic material composed of DNA

Which DNA strand is complementary to the one shown above?

• 
• 
• 
• 

The process represented in the diagram produces a molecule that is complementary to the template strand of DNA. What type of molecules is produced.

• New DNA

• Polypeptide

• Messenger RNA

• Carbohydrate

What causes this change in fur color?

• The alleles for fur color change as the arctic fox grows older.

• Gene expression for fur color is regulated by latitude.

• The arctic fox has two traits for fur color that are determined at birth.

• Gene expression for fur color is regulated by temperature.

Which process and product are represented in Diagram 2

• Process: transcription; product: mRNA

• Process: translation; product: protein

• Process: replication; product: tRNA

• Process: recombination; product: polymerase

The chart shows a dihybrid cross between pea plants. What are the genotypes of the parents in this cross?

• RRyy and rrYY

• RrYy and RrYy

• RRYY and rryy

• RrYY and Rryy

In guinea pigs, the allele for a rough coat (R) is dominant over the allele for a smooth coat (r). A guinea pig with a rough coat is mated with a guinea pig with a smooth coat. Of the three offspring, 1 has a smooth coat. What is the probability that their next offspring will have a smooth coat?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

The genotypes of four offspring are shown in the table. If one parent’s genotype is xx, what is the genotype of the second parent?

• xx

• XX

• Xx

• xX