Systemic racism

According to sociologist Joe Feagin, the US has been a racist state ever since

• the Constitution classified black people as the property of whites.

• the end of slavery.

• the Constitution prevented black people from owning property.

• the voting of the Emancipation Declaration.

Racism is 'systemic' in the US because

• it is carried out systematically by white people.

• it is reflected in every aspect of American society.

• it maintains white privileges.

• it started with slavery.

The practice of 'redlining'

• made it difficult for black people to access higher education (universities).

• divided US society according to colour of skin.

• established where POCs were allowed to live.

• made it hard for POC to get bank loans to buy houses.

Historically, many white people have

• taken measures to protect their own interests.

• opposed programmes to increase diversity in education.

• voted for black political candidates.

• supported programmes to increase diversity in professional life.

Most positions of power at universities and corporations are held by

• white women.

• white men.

• black men.

• black women.

The fact that most positions of power are held by white people

• shapes how those in power interact with POCs.

• leads to an increase in hate crime.

• creates an unfair social system.

• all of the above.

As a result of systemic racism, people of colour

• have shorter life spans.

• have limited access to education.

• have limited income.

• have more successful careers in business.

White elites perpetuate racism through

• politics

• laws

• education

• media

A racist ideology believes in

• the superiority of black people.

• the superiority of white people based on cultural and biological reasons.

• the unfair distribution of power in US society.

• the inferiority of white people based on cultural and biological reasons.

According to Feagin, racism is always

• supported by white people.

• accompanied by white backlash.

• accompanied by acts of resistance.

• expressed openly in society.