Borbonic Reforms

Between 1521 and 1700, New Spain was governed by the royal dinasty of the ____

This was a royal family of ______ origin, and a branch of one of the oldest dynasties in Europe. They first governed in Navarra and France. In the XVIII century, its members took the thrones of Spain and Italian realms, among many other duchas and counties.

• Bourbon

• French

• Swiss

• Austrio-Hungarian

The first member of the Bourbons who succeeded the Habsburg throne in Spain was ________. He was actually the grandson of Louis XIV (France). Since then, they have governed Spain up to this day, excluding the civil war and dictatorship of Francisco Franco.

During the Habsburg reign, New Spain had created a political system named patrimonialism, where public offices were bought, local authorities imposed whatever tribute they wanted, developed and protected monopolies and corruption kept MUCH earnings from the _____

King Charles III of Bourbon, influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment period, modernized the handling of the colonies through the ______ ________, which imposed a series of political, administrative, economic, military and cultural changes.

• Taxation without representation

• Borbonic Reforms

• Independence Movements

• Habsburg Reforms

These reforms seemed to modernised Spain (internally) and its relation with the colonies, modifying the literal definition of a ______. It proposed to take back many of the rights that had been wrongfully given to groups and corporations, not to mention installing a new political, administrative, and economic direction of the realm.

• Territory

• State

• Regime

• Society

In 1765, ___________ was en charged with taking the political and administrative control of New Spain. Gálvezzz was also in charge of supervising the reforms by taking power from groups, corporations, and even the own viceroy, in order to consider the Crown’s interests.

• Josè de Gálvan

• José de Gálvezz

• José de Gálvez

• Mario de Gálvez

The commercial reforms were the ones with biggest impact in New Spain. With it, the Crown wished to control all commercial activity, eliminating contraband and middlemen, by recovering concessions granted to other European states while dismantling monopolies of certain products. By 1770, _____ ____ allowed commerce routes between Peru, New Granada, and New Spain

With the Enlightenment period in New Spain, there were reforms in all educational levels, from lower school up to universities. Thus, in 1781, the “Real Academia de San Carlos de las Nobles Artes de la Nueva España” (now known as ________) was founded, with the objective of establishing a school specialised in quality production and minting of coins.

• Anáhuac

• UNAM

• Instituto Politécnico

• None of the above.

The Borbonic Reforms acted as a prelude to the Independence because…