Research paradigms

What is NOT a problem with research nowadays?

• A. Unclear purpose

• B.    Vague findings

• C. High cost

• D.  Questionable data

There exist two types of research designs only.

• A. True

• B. False

Epistemology refers to _____________.

• A. the relationship between researchers and knowledge

• B. researchers’ beliefs and assumptions about the nature of knowledge

• C. how a researcher goes about finding knowledge

Ontology refers to _____________.

• A. the relationship between researchers and knowledge

• B. researchers’ beliefs and assumptions about the nature of knowledge

• C. how a researcher goes about finding knowledge

Ontological and epistemological issues should be ______.

• A. discussed at the end of the research process

• B. one of the first research considerations

• C. only discussed if the research requires it

Which research approach is based on the epistemological viewpoint of pragmatism?

• A. Quantitative research

• B. Qualitative research

• C. Mixed-methods research

Which research paradigm is most concerned about generalizing its findings?

• A. Quantitative research

• B. Qualitative research

• C. Mixed-methods research

• D. All of the above

According to pragmatists, reality is _______________

• A. socially co-constructed and depends on context and knower’s mind

• B. something out there and can be measured

• C. understood by the use of the best research methods and theories

According to constructivists, reality _________________

• A. is independent of knower

• B. is dependent of knower’s mind

• C. exists in social settings

According to positivists, reality _________________

• A. is independent of knower

• B. is dependent of knower’s mind

• C. exists in social settings