Exam 5 review Ch 20-26

A 28-year-old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. She further tells you that the patient has been urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. On the basis of this patient’s clinical presentation, you should suspect that she:

• is significantly hyperglycemic

• has a low blood glucose level.

• has a urinary tract infection

• has overdosed on her insulin

The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because:

• a child’s cells do not uptake glucose as rapidly as adults’ do

• children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults

• illness or injury causes the pancreas to produce less insulin

• children overproduce insulin during severe illness or injury

A 29-year-old female presents with confusion and disorientation. Her respirations are rapid and shallow, and her pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. She is markedly diaphoretic and has an oxygen saturation of 89%. You should:

• transport immediately. 

• administer oral glucose

• provide ventilatory support

• treat her for hyperglycemia

Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing? 

• Blindness

• Depression

• Alcoholism 

• Hepatitis B

You are assessing a young male who was stung on the leg by a scorpion. He is conscious and alert, his breathing is regular and unlabored, and his blood pressure is 122/64 mm Hg. Assessment of his leg reveals a wheal surrounded by an area of redness. He states that he had a “bad reaction” the last time he was stung by a scorpion, and carries his own epinephrine auto-injector. You should:

• apply high-flow oxygen, apply a chemical cold pack directly to the injection site, and transport at once.  

• apply high-flow oxygen, obtain approval from medical control to assist him with his epinephrine, and transport.

• assess his ABCs and vital signs in 15 minutes and allow him to drive himself to the hospital if he remains stable.

• apply oxygen as needed, clean the area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic, and transport him to the hospital.

Which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the MOST rapidly fatal if not treated immediately?

• Diffuse urticaria

• Severe hypotension

• Upper airway swelling

• Systemic vasodilation

Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines?

• Albuterol (Ventolin)

• Epinephrine (Adrenalin)

• Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 

Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?

• Rales

• Stridor

• Rhonchi 

• Wheezing

Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction?

• Bronchodilation and vasodilation

• Vasoconstriction and bronchodilation

• Bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction

• Blocking of further histamine release

Heroin is an example of a(n):

• opioid.

• hypnotic.

• cholinergic.

• sympathomimetic.